{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:13:42Z","timestamp":1787062422197,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Riboflavin status is usually measured as the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    stimulation with flavin adenine dinucleotide of the erythrocyte enzyme glutathione reductase, and expressed as an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC). This method is used for the National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS) of the UK. In the period between the 1990 and 2003 surveys of UK adults, the estimated prevalence of riboflavin deficiency, expressed as an EGRAC value \u2265\u00a01\u00b730, increased from 2 to 46\u00a0% in males and from 1 to 34\u00a0% in females. We hypothesised that subtle but important differences in the detail of the methodology between the two NDNS accounted for this difference. We carried out an evaluation of the performance of the methods used in the two NDNS and compared against an \u2018in-house\u2019 method, using blood samples collected from a riboflavin intervention study. Results indicated that the method used for the 1990 NDNS gave a significantly lower mean EGRAC value than both the 2003 NDNS method and the \u2018in-house\u2019 method (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b70001). The key differences between the methods relate to the concentration of FAD used in the assay and the duration of the period of incubation of FAD with enzyme. The details of the EGRAC method should be standardised for use in different laboratories and over time. Additionally, it is proposed that consideration be given to re-evaluating the basis of the EGRAC threshold for riboflavin deficiency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114508162997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T05:16:40Z","timestamp":1230009400000},"page":"273-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of methodological variation on assessment of riboflavin status using the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient assay"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Marilyn H. E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohail","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary J.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2007.02.005"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref14","first-page":"39","article-title":"Flavin nucleotides, glutathione reductase and assessment of riboflavin status","volume":"45","author":"Schorah","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01225731"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref11","volume-title":"McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods","author":"Holland","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref9","first-page":"413","article-title":"The relative effectiveness of iron and iron with riboflavin in correcting a microcytic anaemia in men and children in rural Gambia","volume":"37","author":"Powers","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19820131"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/22.3.327","article-title":"Evaluation of methods of coenzyme activation of erythrocyte enzymes for detection of deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, and B6","volume":"22","author":"Bayoumi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106162"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1557"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref20","volume-title":"Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry","author":"Burtis","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref2","volume-title":"The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults Aged 19\u201324","volume":"4","author":"Rushton","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.4.425"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.suppl_1.S137"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref1","volume-title":"The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults","author":"Gregory","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.5.799","article-title":"Application of the Bland\u2013Altman plot for interpretation of method-comparison studies: a critical investigation of its practice","volume":"48","author":"Dewitte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref5","first-page":"166","article-title":"Method for the detection of a biochemical riboflavin deficiency. Stimulation of NADPH2-dependent glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes by FAD in vitro. Investigations on the vitamin B2 status in healthy people and geriatric patients","volume":"40","author":"Glatzle","year":"1970","journal-title":"Int Z Vitaminforsch"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.5.624","article-title":"Assessment of status riboflavin nutriture by assay of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity","volume":"20","author":"Nichoalds","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/29.6.663"},{"key":"S0007114508162997_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(92)90117-P"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114508162997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T22:12:57Z","timestamp":1589407977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114508162997\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114508162997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114508162997","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]}}}