{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:04:20Z","timestamp":1769573060274,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]],"date-time":"2010-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264550400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing attention has been paid to <jats:italic>Spirulina<\/jats:italic> for its potential clinical uses. The present study investigated the protection by dietary <jats:italic>Spirulina platensis<\/jats:italic> against <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-galactosamine (<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-GalN)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatitis in ICR mice. Mice in each group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 6) were fed with a standard diet (American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G), a positive control diet containing 0\u00b75\u00a0% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), or a diet containing 3, 6 or 9\u00a0% <jats:italic>S. platensis<\/jats:italic> for 1 week. On the last day the mice were treated with <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-GalN (300\u00a0mg\/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) or APAP (150\u00a0mg\/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and 24\u00a0h later the mice were killed. The doses of both 6 and 9\u00a0% <jats:italic>S. platensis<\/jats:italic> were found to significantly alleviate the increase of serum glutamate oxaloacetoacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-GalN- or APAP-intoxicated mice. The observation was very similar to that of the positive control groups. Two more experiments were carried out to investigate the involvement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-18 in the suppression of 6\u00a0% <jats:italic>S. platensis<\/jats:italic> on <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-GalN- and APAP-induced hepatitis. The significant increase of GOT and GPT activities was found to be accompanied with the elevation of hepatic TBARS level, IL-18 mRNA expression and serum IL-18 concentration, and was significantly alleviated by supplementation with 6\u00a0% <jats:italic>S. platensis<\/jats:italic> in diets. These results showed that dietary <jats:italic>S. platensis<\/jats:italic> could provide a significant protection against <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-GalN- and APAP-induced liver injuries, and IL-18 and lipid peroxidation might be involved in the protective influence of <jats:italic>S. platensis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114509993758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]],"date-time":"2010-01-27T10:05:08Z","timestamp":1264586708000},"page":"1573-1576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Protection by dietary <i>Spirulina platensis<\/i> against <scp>d<\/scp>-galactosamine- and acetaminophen-induced liver injuries"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di-Feng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Egashira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2008.04.017"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.54.153"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.05.114"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.11.1939"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1995.1125"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589509514407"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref14","unstructured":"14 Japan SLC, Inc. (2007) Data for the Slc:ICR mouse (website in Japanese). http:\/\/jslc.co.jp\/inform\/2007data\/icr2007.pdf (accessed December 2009)."},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(68)90042-7"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref15","first-page":"343","article-title":"The mechanism of release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. II. Altered activity ratios of GOT to GPT in serum and liver of patients with liver diseases","volume":"33","author":"Miyake","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Medica Okayama"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00166-7"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00239-X"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref1","volume-title":"Spirulina \u2013 The Most Perfect Functional Food","author":"Zhang","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1996.12.1463"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(02)01420-X"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/378088a0"},{"key":"S0007114509993758_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386619a0"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114509993758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,28]],"date-time":"2019-04-28T19:34:41Z","timestamp":1556480081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114509993758\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,14]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114509993758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114509993758","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]]}}}