{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:59:25Z","timestamp":1771462765618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]],"date-time":"2010-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274400000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Licorice extracts are known to exhibit anti-carcinogenic activities. However, chronic licorice consumption can lead to serious side effects due to the presence of considerable quantities of glycyrrhizin, which causes severe hypokalaemia and hypertension. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a hexane\u2013ethanol extract of<jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza uralensis<\/jats:italic>(HEGU), which lacks glycyrrhizin, on the metastatic characteristics of DU145 prostate cancer cells. HEGU inhibited basal and epidermal growth factor-induced cell migration, invasion and adhesion in a dose-dependent fashion. HEGU significantly suppressed the secretion and activation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 was reduced, but that of TIMP-2 was increased in HEGU-treated cells. HEGU reduced the protein levels of integrin-\u03b12, the intercellular adhesion molecule, and the vascular cell adhesion molecule. An active fraction of HEGU was separated via column chromatography, and the structure of the active component, licoricidin, was identified via<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H NMR and<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C NMR. The treatment of DU145 cells with licoricidin induced a reduction in cell migration and the secretion of MMP-9, TIMP-1, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as in the expression of adhesion molecules. These results indicate that HEGU, which contains licoricidin, is a potent anti-metastatic agent, which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of malignant prostate cancer cells. The observed reductions in the activation of proteases and the levels of adhesion molecules may constitute a component of the mechanisms by which HEGU inhibits the migration and adhesion of prostate cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114510002114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]],"date-time":"2010-05-21T10:46:42Z","timestamp":1274438802000},"page":"1272-1282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Hexane\u2013ethanol extract of<i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis<\/i>containing licoricidin inhibits the metastatic capacity of DU145 human prostate cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"So Young","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon Sung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Jun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Sang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choonghwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongdai","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Han Yoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref13","first-page":"119","article-title":"Liquorice and hypertension","volume":"63","author":"van Uum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.01.013"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2008.06.005"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.10.008"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nel001"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sonc.2002.37263"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/0807-RM-221"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.3987\/COM-88-4650","article-title":"On the structure of licoricidin","volume":"27","author":"Fukai","year":"1988","journal-title":"Heterocycles"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.10.026"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref18","first-page":"128","article-title":"Roles of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis","volume":"36","author":"Yoon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13064","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98803-4","article-title":"Regulation of the autoactivation of human 72-kDa progelatinase by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2","volume":"266","author":"Howard","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2362"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.06.081"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1469"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref9","first-page":"215","article-title":"Glycyrrhetic acid (a metabolic substance and aglycon of glycyrrhizin) induces apoptosis in human hepatoma, promyelotic leukemia and stomach cancer cells","volume":"17","author":"Hibasami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref7","first-page":"4053","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on experimental pulmonary metastasis in mice inoculated with B16 melanoma","volume":"22","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00347.2002"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref24","first-page":"4540","article-title":"Collagen-induced activation of the M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase in normal and malignant human fibroblastoid cells","volume":"52","author":"Azzam","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-969875"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(93)90080-I"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914nc391_1"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.2191"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.5.0013"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2003.09.008"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2007.06.003"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.12.038"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref4","first-page":"928","article-title":"Apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 induced by Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)00404-1"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(02)00113-1"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156800907783220462"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref40","first-page":"2715","article-title":"High serum TIMP-1 is associated with adverse prognosis in endometrial carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Honkavuori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01864-7"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/CA.2007.0010"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500750"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref10","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and LNCaP","volume":"20","author":"Thirugnanam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04872"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/135100005X57346"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref23","first-page":"6162","article-title":"Tumor promoter-stimulated Mr 92,000 gelatinase secreted by normal and malignant human cells: isolation and characterization of the enzyme from HT1080 tumor cells","volume":"50","author":"Moll","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960078"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206757"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.01.027"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205291"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2004_3583","article-title":"The role of cell adhesion molecule in cancer progression and its application in cancer therapy","volume":"51","author":"Okegawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref41","first-page":"117","article-title":"Urokinase-dependent cell surface proteolysis and cancer","volume":"1","author":"Blasi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"S0007114510002114_ref8","first-page":"233","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin induces apoptosis in human stomach cancer KATO III and human promyelotic leukemia HL-60 cells","volume":"16","author":"Hibasami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114510002114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T02:44:36Z","timestamp":1635389076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114510002114\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,14]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114510002114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114510002114","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]]}}}