{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:48:38Z","timestamp":1792003718035,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1290556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Smoking has been positively and fruit and vegetable intake has been negatively associated with cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women worldwide. However, a lower consumption of fruits and reduced serum carotenoids have been observed among smokers. It is not known whether the smoking effect on the risk of cervical neoplasia is modified by a low intake of fruits and vegetables. The present study examined the combined effects of tobacco smoking and diet using a validated FFQ and serum carotenoid and tocopherol levels on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) risk in a hospital-based case\u2013control study conducted in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, between 2003 and 2005. The sample comprised 231 incident, histologically confirmed cases of CIN3 and 453 controls. A low intake (\u00a0\u2264\u00a039\u00a0g) of dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and fruits without tobacco smoking had a lesser effect on CIN3 (OR 1\u00b714; 95\u00a0% CI 0\u00b749, 2\u00b765) than among smokers with higher intake (\u00a0\u2265\u00a040\u00a0g; OR 1\u00b783; 95\u00a0% CI 0\u00b773, 4\u00b762) after adjusting for confounders. The OR for the joint exposure of tobacco smoking and low intake of vegetables and fruits was greater (3\u00b786; 95\u00a0% CI 1\u00b774, 8\u00b757; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) compared with non-smokers with higher intake after adjusting for confounding variables and human papillomavirus status. Similar results were observed for total fruit, serum total carotene (including \u03b2-, \u03b1- and \u03b3-carotene) and tocopherols. These findings suggest that the effect of nutritional factors on CIN3 is modified by smoking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114510004447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T11:25:33Z","timestamp":1290597933000},"page":"928-937","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Associations of dietary dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and fruits with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: modification by smoking"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Luciana Y.","family":"Tomita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cec\u00edlia M.","family":"Roteli-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa L.","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo L.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marly A.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn033"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116965"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21714"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009005321"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/07-AOAS124"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(01)00283-4"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690834"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(97)00096-X"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023981505268"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00499-7"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000003811.98261.3e"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj233"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref23","volume-title":"Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08150-3"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020289618161"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1322","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1322S","article-title":"Interaction among vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene","volume":"62","author":"Niki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc886"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn057"},{"key":"S0007114510004447_ref31","volume-title":"Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. 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