{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:31:46Z","timestamp":1789684306573,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303084800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of cinnamaldehyde (CINN) on <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> parameters of immunity and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> protection against avian coccidiosis were evaluated. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> stimulation of chicken spleen lymphocytes with CINN (25\u2013400\u00a0ng\/ml) induced greater cell proliferation compared with the medium control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001). CINN activated cultured macrophages to produce higher levels of NO at 1\u00b72\u20135\u00b70\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001), inhibited the growth of chicken tumour cells at 0\u00b76\u20132\u00b75\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) and reduced the viability of <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>tenella<\/jats:italic> parasites at 10 and 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001, respectively), compared with media controls. In chickens fed a diet supplemented with CINN at 14\u00b74\u00a0mg\/kg, the levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-15 and interferon-\u03b3 transcripts in intestinal lymphocytes were 2- to 47-fold higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) compared with chickens given a non-supplemented diet. To determine the effect of CINN diets on avian coccidiosis, chickens were fed diets supplemented with CINN at 14\u00b74\u00a0mg\/kg (<jats:italic>E. maxima<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic>) or 125\u00a0mg\/kg (<jats:italic>E. acervulina<\/jats:italic>) from hatch for 24\u00a0d, and orally infected with 2\u00b70\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> sporulated oocysts at age 14\u00a0d. CINN-fed chickens showed 16\u00b75 and 41\u00b76\u00a0% increased body-weight gains between 0\u20139\u00a0d post-infection (DPI) with <jats:italic>E. acervulina<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>E. maxima<\/jats:italic>, reduced <jats:italic>E. acervulina<\/jats:italic> oocyst shedding between 5\u20139 DPI and increased <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic>-stimulated parasite antibody responses at 9 DPI compared with controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114511001073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T05:49:53Z","timestamp":1303105793000},"page":"862-869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Cinnamaldehyde enhances <i>in vitro<\/i> parameters of immunity and reduces <i>in vivo<\/i> infection against avian coccidiosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Sung Hyen","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun 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