{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:00:44Z","timestamp":1791090044322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]],"date-time":"2011-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311811200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our previous epidemiological study indicated that excessive intake of iodine could potentially lead to hypothyroidism. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the time and dose effect of iodine intake on serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) levels and to explore the non-autoimmune regulation of serum TSH by pituitary type 2 deiodinase (D2). A total of 360 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups depending on administered iodine dosages (folds of physiological dose): normal iodine (NI), 3-fold iodine (3HI), 6-fold iodine (6HI), 10-fold iodine (10HI) and 50-fold iodine (50HI). At 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after administration of sodium iodide, blood was collected for serum TSH measurement by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Pituitaries were also excised for measurement of TSH\u03b2 subunit expression, D2 expression and activity, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and thyroid hormone receptor \u03b22 isoform (TR\u03b22) levels. The results showed that iodine intake of 10HI and 50HI significantly increased pituitary and serum TSH levels from 8 to 24 weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705<jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>NI). Excess iodine had no effect on D2 mRNA or protein expression; however, 10HI and 50HI administration significantly inhibited pituitary D2 activities from 8 to 24 weeks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705<jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>NI). Iodine had no effect on MCT8 or TR\u03b22 protein levels. We conclude that prolonged high iodine intake inhibits pituitary D2 activity and induces elevation of serum TSH levels. These findings may provide a potential mechanism of iodine excess-induced overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114511003552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]],"date-time":"2011-07-28T08:57:41Z","timestamp":1311843461000},"page":"674-682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Prolonged high iodine intake is associated with inhibition of type 2 deiodinase activity in pituitary and elevation of serum thyrotropin levels"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Ningna","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqiu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.047399"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2005.01.006"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6397"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1550255"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.6.6062"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198609000-00003"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.1991.tb00747.x"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300909200"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02950796"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1300"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.03.042"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02111"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)89450-9","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the thyrotropin subunit genes by thyroid hormone","volume":"260","author":"Shupnik","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-115-4-1605"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.12.6334"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.8.5318"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref17","first-page":"1539","article-title":"Isoform-specific thyroid hormone receptor antibodies detect multiple thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human pituitaries","volume":"130","author":"Yen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.655"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109041"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.787"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118880"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118806"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501753210957"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200611020-00009","article-title":"Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase activity and mRNA expression in rat thyroid tissue with different iodine intakes","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03390.x"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03150.x"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000147680"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref10","first-page":"3293","article-title":"Expression and regulation of type II iodothyronine deiodinase in cultured human skeletal muscle cells","volume":"84","author":"Hosoi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1499"},{"key":"S0007114511003552_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10\u00a0208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44441-3","article-title":"Regulation of thyrotropin biosynthesis. 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