{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:09:18Z","timestamp":1789924158842,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>-related poultry disease, necrotic enteritis (NE), causes substantial economic losses on a global scale. In the present study, a mixture of two plant-derived phytonutrients, <jats:italic>Capsicum<\/jats:italic> oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin (XT), was evaluated for its effects on local and systemic immune responses using a co-infection model of experimental NE in commercial broilers. Chickens were fed from hatch with a diet supplemented with XT, or with a non-supplemented control diet, and either uninfected or orally challenged with virulent <jats:italic>Eimeria maxima<\/jats:italic> oocysts at 14\u00a0d and <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic> at 18\u00a0d of age. Parameters of protective immunity were as follows: (1) body weight; (2) gut lesions; (3) serum levels of <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> \u03b1-toxin and NE B-like (NetB) toxin; (4) serum levels of antibodies to \u03b1-toxin and NetB toxin; (5) levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestine and spleen. Infected chickens fed the XT-supplemented diet had increased body weight and reduced gut lesion scores compared with infected birds given the non-supplemented diet. The XT-fed group also displayed decreased serum \u03b1-toxin levels and reduced intestinal <jats:italic>IL-8<\/jats:italic>, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-\u03b1 factor (<jats:italic>LITAF<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>IL-17A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL-17F<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels, while cytokine\/chemokine levels in splenocytes increased in the XT-fed group, compared with the animals fed the control diet. In conclusion, the present study documents the molecular and cellular immune changes following dietary supplementation with extracts of <jats:italic>Capsicum<\/jats:italic> and turmeric that may be relevant to protective immunity against avian NE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114512006083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T03:52:07Z","timestamp":1365479527000},"page":"840-847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with <i>Capsicum<\/i> and turmeric oleoresins increases resistance to necrotic enteritis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Sung Hyen","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun S.","family":"Lillehoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung I.","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik P.","family":"Lillehoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wongi","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref28","first-page":"1372","article-title":"Processing of gene expression data generated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR","volume":"32","author":"Muller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.06.005"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2011.01.003"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.003"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2071913"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115806"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592556"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450400013162"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.10.014"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01319"},{"key":"S0007114512006083_ref15","unstructured":"Lillehoj HS & Lee SH (2007) Probiotics as an alternative control strategy against avian coccidiosis. 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