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Overweight women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>115) aged 20 and 69 years with a family history of breast cancer were randomised to an overall 25\u00a0% energy restriction, either as an IECR (2500\u20132717\u00a0kJ\/d, &lt;\u00a040\u00a0g carbohydrate\/d for 2\u00a0d\/week) or a 25\u00a0% DER (approximately 6000\u00a0kJ\/d for 7\u00a0d\/week) or an IECR+PF for a 3-month weight-loss period and 1\u00a0month of weight maintenance (IECR or IECR+PF for 1\u00a0d\/week). Insulin resistance reduced with the IECR diets (mean \u2212\u00a00\u00b734 (95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a00\u00b766, \u2212\u00a00\u00b702)\u00a0units) and the IECR+PF diet (mean \u2212\u00a00\u00b738 (95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a00\u00b775, \u2212\u00a00\u00b701)\u00a0units). Reductions with the IECR diets were significantly greater compared with the DER diet (mean 0\u00b72 (95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a00\u00b719, 0\u00b766)\u00a0\u03bcU\/unit,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b702). Both IECR groups had greater reductions in body fat compared with the DER group (IECR: mean \u2212\u00a03\u00b77 (95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a02\u00b75, \u2212\u00a04\u00b79)\u00a0kg,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b7007; IECR+PF: mean \u2212\u00a03\u00b77 (95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a02\u00b78, \u2212\u00a04\u00b77)\u00a0kg,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b7019; DER: mean \u2212\u00a02\u00b70 (95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a01\u00b70, 3\u00b70)\u00a0kg). During the weight maintenance phase, 1\u00a0d of IECR or IECR+PF per week maintained the reductions in insulin resistance and weight. In the short term, IECR is superior to DER with respect to improved insulin sensitivity and body fat reduction. Longer-term studies into the safety and effectiveness of IECR diets are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114513000792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]],"date-time":"2013-04-16T13:51:08Z","timestamp":1366120268000},"page":"1534-1547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":383,"title":["The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction<i>v<\/i>. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight 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