{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:37:12Z","timestamp":1788025032554,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395705600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the long-term effects (\u00a0\u2265\u00a012 months) of high-fat (HF) <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic> low-fat (LF) diet consumption on the indicators of glycaemic control as well as cardiovascular risk factors in pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Literature search was carried out using the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Trial Register until November 2013. Study-specific weighted mean differences (MD) were pooled using a random-effects model of the Cochrane software package Review Manager 5.1 and Stata 12.0 was used for meta-regressions. A total of fourteen trials met the inclusion criteria and a maximum of 1753 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. HF regimens were found to result in a significant decrease in TAG levels (MD \u2212\u00a00\u00b719\u00a0mmol\/l, 95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a00\u00b723, \u2212\u00a00\u00b714, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=\u00a00\u00a0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b758) and diastolic blood pressure (MD \u2212\u00a01\u00b730\u00a0mmHg, 95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a01\u00b773, \u2212\u00a00\u00b787, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=\u00a00\u00a0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b760) and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels (MD 0\u00b705\u00a0mmol\/l, 95\u00a0% CI 0\u00b701, 0\u00b708, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b701; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=\u00a057\u00a0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b701). In addition, MD in the reductions of fasting glucose levels (\u00a0\u2212\u00a00\u00b741\u00a0mmol\/l, 95\u00a0% CI \u2212\u00a00\u00b774, \u2212\u00a00\u00b708, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b701; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>=\u00a056\u00a0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b702) were significantly high in patients with type 2 diabetes adhering to a HF diet. HF and LF diets might not be of equal value in the management of either pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes, leading to emphasis being placed on the recommendations of HF diets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114514000464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T14:32:50Z","timestamp":1395757970000},"page":"2047-2058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Comparison of the long-term effects of high-fat <i>v.<\/i> low-fat diet consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Schwingshackl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708681"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.619"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331214"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008862","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death","volume":"364","author":"Seshasai","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.3.460"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60766-7"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref1","volume-title":"Fact Sheet No. 312: Diabetes","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1093-x"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.03.010"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69701-8"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335162"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1146","article-title":"Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials","volume":"77","author":"Mensink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-8-36"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.460"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2108"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1716"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-s064"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.17.1_Suppl.I9"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2003.09.001"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.04.024"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4121989"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2008.12.008"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.1.43"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2836","article-title":"Blood glucose and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region","volume":"27","author":"Lawes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref35","first-page":"99","article-title":"The effects of a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet on adipocytokines in severely obese adults: three-year follow-up of a randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"Cardillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28034"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0687"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2013.07.010"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01151.x"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00004"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00007"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513000548"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803075"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01462-4"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.8601"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7134.823"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27326"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00069-3"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1030137"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19780045"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.3.577S","article-title":"High-monounsaturated-fat diets for patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Garg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref12","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.114","article-title":"The Canadian Trial of Carbohydrates in Diabetes (CCD), a 1-y controlled trial of low-glycemic-index dietary carbohydrate in type 2 diabetes: no effect on glycated hemoglobin but reduction in C-reactive protein","volume":"87","author":"Wolever","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2567-4"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref37","volume-title":"The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-S061","article-title":"Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association","volume":"31","author":"Bantle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.15.1882"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.1.74"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.12.8.911"},{"key":"S0007114514000464_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010843"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114514000464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T19:07:12Z","timestamp":1555960032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114514000464\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,28]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114514000464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114514000464","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]}}}