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In the present study, we tested whether retrospective dietary patterns from the life periods of childhood, early adulthood, adulthood and middle age predicted cognitive performance in a cognitively healthy sample of 352 older Australian adults &gt;65 years. Participants completed the Lifetime Diet Questionnaire and a battery of cognitive tests designed to comprehensively assess multiple cognitive domains. In separate regression models, lifetime dietary patterns were the predictors of cognitive factor scores representing ten constructs derived by confirmatory factor analysis of the cognitive test battery. All regression models were progressively adjusted for the potential confounders of current diet, age, sex, years of education, English as native language, smoking history, income level, apoE \u025b4 status, physical activity, other past dietary patterns and health-related variables. In the adjusted models, lifetime dietary patterns predicted cognitive performance in this sample of older adults. In models additionally adjusted for intake from the other life periods and mechanistic health-related variables, dietary patterns from the childhood period alone reached significance. Higher consumption of the \u2018coffee and high-sugar, high-fat extras\u2019 pattern predicted poorer performance on simple\/choice reaction time, working memory, retrieval fluency, short-term memory and reasoning. The \u2018vegetable and non-processed\u2019 pattern negatively predicted simple\/choice reaction time, and the \u2018traditional Australian\u2019 pattern positively predicted perceptual speed and retrieval fluency. Identifying early-life dietary antecedents of older-age cognitive performance contributes to formulating strategies for delaying or preventing cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114514000646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T11:57:03Z","timestamp":1396958223000},"page":"228-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Retrospective lifetime dietary patterns predict cognitive performance in community-dwelling older Australians"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Diane 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