{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:52:52Z","timestamp":1784555572987,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Provitamin A biofortification of staple crops may decrease the prevalence of vitamin A (VA) deficiency if widely adopted in target countries. To assess the impact of processing methods on the VA value of plant foods, the unique bioefficacies of<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C isomers (formed during cooking) compared with all-<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>(a<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>) \u03b2-carotene (\u03b2C) must be determined. The bioefficacies of 9-<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>(9<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>)- and 13-<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>(13<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>)-\u03b2C isomers were compared with those of the a<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C isomer and VA positive (VA+) and negative (VA\u00a0\u2212\u00a0) controls in VA-depleted Mongolian gerbils (<jats:italic>Meriones unguiculatus<\/jats:italic>) in two experimental studies (study 1,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>56; study 2,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>57). A 3- or 4-week depletion period was followed by a 3- or 4-week treatment period in which the groups received oral doses of the 9<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>-, 13<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>- or a<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C isomers in cottonseed oil (study 1, 15\u00a0nmol\/d; study 2, 30\u00a0nmol\/d). In study 1, the \u03b2C isomers did not maintain baseline liver VA stores in all groups (0\u00b769 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b720)\u00a0\u03bcmol\/liver) except in the VA+group (0\u00b756 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b710)\u00a0\u03bcmol\/liver) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b70026). The \u03b2C groups were similar to the VA+group, but the 9<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>- and 13<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C groups did not differ from the VA\u00a0\u2212\u00a0group (0\u00b739 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b709)\u00a0\u03bcmol\/liver). In study 2, the \u03b2C isomers maintained baseline liver VA stores in all the \u03b2C groups (0\u00b735 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b713)\u00a0\u03bcmol\/liver), and in the VA+group, the VA supplement (0\u00b754 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b719)\u00a0\u03bcmol\/liver) exceeded the baseline VA status (0\u00b738 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b715)\u00a0\u03bcmol\/liver) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00\u00b70001); however, the 9<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C group did not differ from the VA\u00a0\u2212\u00a0group (0\u00b720 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b707)\u00a0\u03bcmol\/liver).<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>isomerisation of \u03b2C was confirmed in both experimental studies. Lower VA bioconversion factor values were obtained for the<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C isomers in study 2 when compared with study 1, but higher values were obtained for the a<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C isomer. Dose and VA status clearly affect bioconversion factors. In conclusion, the<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C isomers yielded similar liver VA stores to the a<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C isomer in Mongolian gerbils, and liver VA stores of the 9<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>- and 13<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>-\u03b2C groups did not differ when the doses were provided at physiological levels over time in two studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114514000658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1396958228000},"page":"162-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Relative vitamin A values of 9-<i>cis<\/i>- and 13-<i>cis<\/i>-\u03b2-carotene do not differ when fed at physiological levels during vitamin A depletion in Mongolian gerbils (<i>Meriones unguiculatus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Kara 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