{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:12:11Z","timestamp":1790475131713,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation of adipose tissue triggers the metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and CHD. In the present study, we investigated whether the milk casein-derived tripeptide valine-proline-proline (VPP) has an anti-inflammatory effect on the adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C57BL\/6J mice (7 weeks of age) were fed <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic> with either a HFD and plain tap water (HFD group) or a HFD and water containing 0\u00b73\u00a0mg VPP\/ml (HFD+VPP group) for 10 weeks. The results showed that the expression level of CD18 in the peripheral blood monocytes of the HFD+VPP group was significantly decreased compared with the level observed in those of the HFD group. Activated monocytes and pro-inflammatory macrophages were accumulated in the stromal vascular fractions of the adipose tissue from HFD-fed mice, which were significantly decreased in those supplemented with VPP. The formation of crown-like structures rich in pro-inflammatory macrophages was also significantly reduced in the adipose tissue of mice administered with VPP. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and that of the pro-inflammatory cytokine <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic> in adipose tissue tend to be lower in the HFD+VPP group than in the HFD group. These observations indicate that oral administration of VPP exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice, which may eventually lead to the primary prevention of chronic inflammation-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114514001147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T09:09:25Z","timestamp":1401268165000},"page":"513-519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Oral administration of the milk casein-derived tripeptide Val-Pro-Pro attenuates high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation in 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