{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:24:23Z","timestamp":1777328663057,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D has regulatory effects on innate immunity. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of prenatal vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>(vitD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) supplementation on neonatal innate immunity in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial by evaluating cathelicidin (LL-37) expression and the killing capacity of macrophages. Healthy pregnant women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>129) attending a clinic in Dhaka were randomised to receive either a weekly oral dose of 0\u00b7875\u00a0mg vitD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>or placebo starting from 26 weeks of gestation up to delivery. Serum, plasma and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were obtained from the cord blood. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured in serum. MDM were stimulated with or without Toll-like-receptor 4 ligand (TLR4L). Innate immune function was assessed by measuring LL-37 peptide levels in the culture supernatant of MDM by ELISA, LL-37 transcript levels by quantitative PCR, and<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>bactericidal capacity of MDM. vitD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>supplementation did not increase LL-37 peptide levels in plasma or in the extracellular fluid of macrophages with or without TLR4L induction. However, stimulated intracellular LL-37 expression (ratio of stimulated:unstimulated MDM) was significantly reduced in the vitamin D group<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. placebo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b702). Multivariate-adjusted analyses showed that intracellular LL-37 peptide concentration from stimulated MDM was inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration in serum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b703). TLR4L stimulation increased the bactericidal capacity of MDM compared with the unstimulated ones (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b701); however, there was no difference in killing capacity between the two groups. A weekly dose of 0\u00b7875\u00a0mg vitD<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>to healthy pregnant women suppressed the intracellular LL-37 peptide stores of activated macrophages, but did not significantly affect the<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>bactericidal capacity of cord blood MDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114514001512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T12:49:35Z","timestamp":1407156575000},"page":"908-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prenatal vitamin D<sub>3<\/sub>supplementation suppresses LL-37 peptide expression in<i>ex vivo<\/i>activated neonatal macrophages but not their killing capacity"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Rubhana","family":"Raqib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evana","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhirunnesa","family":"Mily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandita","family":"Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rokeya Sultana","family":"Rekha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah 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