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The present study involved overweight and obese male volunteers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>18, mean BMI 36\u00b78\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) who consumed a maintenance diet for 7\u00a0d followed by fully randomised 10\u00a0d treatments with three iso-energetic WL diets, i.e. with either normal protein (NP, 15\u00a0% of energy) or high protein (HP, 30\u00a0%) or with a combination of protein and free AA, each 15\u00a0% of energy (NPAA). Psychometric ratings of appetite were recorded hourly. On day 10, plasma samples were taken at 30\u00a0min intervals over two consecutive 5\u00a0h periods (covering post-breakfast and post-lunch) and analysed for AA, glucose and hormones (insulin, total glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, active ghrelin and total peptide YY (PYY)) plus leucine kinetics (first 5\u00a0h only). Composite hunger was 16\u00a0% lower for the HP diet than for the NP diet (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00\u00b701) in the 5\u00a0h period after both meals. Plasma essential AA concentrations were greatest within 60\u00a0min of each meal for the NPAA diet, but remained elevated for 3\u20135\u00a0h after the HP diet. The three WL diets showed no difference for either fasting concentrations or the postprandial net incremental AUC (net AUC<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) for insulin, ghrelin or PYY. No strong correlations were observed between composite hunger scores and net AUC<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>for either AA or gut peptides. Regulation of hunger may involve subtle interactions, and a range of signals may need to be integrated to produce the overall response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114515000069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T10:44:09Z","timestamp":1427366649000},"page":"1254-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Responses in gut hormones and hunger to diets with either high protein or a mixture of protein plus free amino acids supplied under weight-loss conditions"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Gerald E.","family":"Lobley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grietje","family":"Holtrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham 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