{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:44:11Z","timestamp":1786999451397,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The majority of neural tube defects were believed to be folic acid (FA)-preventable in the 1990s. The Japanese government recommended women planning pregnancy to take FA supplements of 400\u00a0\u03bcg\/d in 2000, but the incidence of spina bifida has not decreased. We aimed to evaluate the OR of having an infant with spina bifida for women who periconceptionally took FA supplements and the association between an increase in supplement use and possible promoters for the increase. This is a case\u2013control study which used 360 case women who gave birth to newborns afflicted with spina bifida, and 2333 control women who gave birth to healthy newborns during the first 12 years of this century. They were divided into two 6-year periods; from 2001 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2012. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compute OR between cases and controls. The adjusted OR of having an infant with spina bifida for supplement users was 0\u00b748 in the first period, and 0\u00b753 in the second period. The proportion of women who periconceptionally consumed supplements significantly increased from 10\u00a0% in the first period to 30\u00a0% in the second period. Awareness of the preventive role of FA was a promoter for an increase in supplement use, and thus an FA campaign in high school seems rational and effective. The failure of the current public health policy is responsible for an epidemic of spina bifida. Mandatory food fortification with FA is urgent and long overdue in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114515001439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T05:34:04Z","timestamp":1432272844000},"page":"84-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Awareness of folic acid use increases its consumption, and reduces the risk of spina bifida"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Kondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhito","family":"Morota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Date","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Yoshifuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshibumi","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Miyazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reizo","family":"Shirane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyong Hon","family":"Pooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00896.x"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905133401901"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref4","first-page":"8781","article-title":"Food standards: amendment of standards of identity for enriched grain products to require addition of folic acid","volume":"61","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b481"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref5","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare (2000) Information to women of childbearing age on consumption of folic acid in order to reduce children affected with neural tube defects. http:\/\/www1.mhlw.go.jp\/houdou\/1212\/h1228-1_18.html (accessed accessed April 2014) (in Japanese)."},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004630","article-title":"Low compliance with recommendations on folic acid use in relation to pregnancy: is there a need for fortification?","volume":"7","author":"Knudsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Heath Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref13","unstructured":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2014) The rate of entering high school (in Japanese). Tokyo: MEXT. http:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/component\/a_menu\/education\/detail\/_icsFiles\/afieldfile\/20 (accessed accessed August 2014)."},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn331"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23179"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38336.664352.82"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03227-4"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508149200"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref12","first-page":"277","article-title":"Nutrition education on folic acid in college students","volume":"83","author":"Matsuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vitamin (Japan)"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911113412001"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.058859"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref7","unstructured":"International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research Annual Report 2011. http:\/\/www.icbdsr.org\/filebank\/documents\/ar2005\/report2011.pdf (accessed accessed April 2014)."},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90133-A"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref6","volume-title":"The Annual Report of Congenital Malformations of 2012","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm129"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12111"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500100055027"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of folic acid to reduce the number of cases of spina bifida and other neural tube defects","volume":"41","year":"1992","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067103"},{"key":"S0007114515001439_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23166"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114515001439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T07:53:02Z","timestamp":1566719582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114515001439\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114515001439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114515001439","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2015\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}