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A 6-month prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over dietary trial was designed to compare a ketogenic medium-chain TAG diet (MCTD) with a standardised placebo diet in chronically antiepileptic drug-treated dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Dogs were fed either MCTD or placebo diet for 3 months followed by a subsequent respective switch of diet for a further 3 months. Seizure frequency, clinical and laboratory data were collected and evaluated for twenty-one dogs completing the study. Seizure frequency was significantly lower when dogs were fed the MCTD (2\u00b731\/month, 0\u20139\u00b789\/month) in comparison with the placebo diet (2\u00b767\/month, 0\u00b733\u201322\u00b792\/month,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7020); three dogs achieved seizure freedom, seven additional dogs had \u226550 % reduction in seizure frequency, five had an overall &lt;50 % reduction in seizures (38\u00b787 %, 35\u00b768\u201343\u00b727 %) and six showed no response. Seizure day frequency were also significantly lower when dogs were fed the MCTD (1\u00b763\/month, 0\u20137\u00b758\/month) in comparison with the placebo diet (1\u00b769\/month, 0\u00b733\u201313\u00b782\/month,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7022). Consumption of the MCTD also resulted in significant elevation of blood<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in comparison with placebo diet (0\u00b7041 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b7004)<jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7031 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>0\u00b7016) mmol\/l,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7028). There were no significant changes in serum concentrations of glucose (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7903), phenobarbital (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7422), potassium bromide (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7404) and weight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7300) between diet groups. In conclusion, the data show antiepileptic properties associated with ketogenic diets and provide evidence for the efficacy of the MCTD used in this study as a therapeutic option for epilepsy treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s000711451500313x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T08:55:57Z","timestamp":1441356957000},"page":"1438-1447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["A randomised trial of a medium-chain TAG diet as treatment for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Tsz Hong","family":"Law","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma S. 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