{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:38:59Z","timestamp":1781156339650,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449014400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ca\/vitamin D supplementation maintains bone health and decreases stress fracture risk during initial military training (IMT); however, there is evidence that Ca may negatively affect the absorption of other critical micronutrients, particularly Fe. The objective of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether providing 2000 mg\/d Ca and 25\u00b5g\/d vitamin D in a fortified food product during 9 weeks of military training affects Fe status in young adults. Male (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>98) and female (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>54) volunteers enrolled in US Army basic combat training (BCT) were randomised to receive a snack bar with Ca\/vitamin D (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>75) or placebo (snack bar without Ca\/vitamin D;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>77) and were instructed to consume 2 snack bars\/d between meals throughout the training course. Circulating ionised Ca was higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) following BCT among those consuming the Ca\/vitamin D bars compared with placebo. Fe status declined in both groups over the course of BCT. Transferrin saturation, serum ferritin and Hb were reduced (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) and soluble transferrin receptor increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) following BCT. There were no differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0\u00b705) in markers of Fe status between placebo and Ca\/vitamin D groups. Collectively, these data indicate that Ca\/vitamin D supplementation through the use of a fortified food product consumed between meals does not affect Fe status during IMT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114515004766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T09:41:57Z","timestamp":1449049317000},"page":"637-643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Consumption of a calcium and vitamin D-fortified food product does not affect iron status during initial military training: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Hennigar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Gaffney-Stomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya J.","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan M.","family":"Pasiakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"McClung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27774"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1979.tb00411.x"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4122035"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.1.112","article-title":"Calcium: effect of different amounts on nonheme- and heme-iron absorption in humans","volume":"53","author":"Hallberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.1.95","article-title":"Effects of different calcium sources on iron absorption in postmenopausal women","volume":"51","author":"Deehr","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/118.9.1110","article-title":"Relationships among iron absorption, percent saturation of plasma transferrin and serum ferritin concentration in humans","volume":"118","author":"Taylor","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19780152"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080102"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf101388z"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000036"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.96","article-title":"Effect of calcium supplementation on daily nonheme-iron absorption and long-term iron status","volume":"68","author":"Minihane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/44.1.83","article-title":"Effects of calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite on zinc and iron retention in postmenopausal women","volume":"44","author":"Dawson-Hughes","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636070-00005"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref15","first-page":"875","article-title":"Duration of the inhibitory effect of calcium on non-haem iron absorption in man","volume":"47","author":"Gleerup","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.08.002"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-38"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref8","first-page":"57","article-title":"Effects of basic combat training on iron status in male and female soldiers: a comparative study","author":"Yanovich","year":"2015","journal-title":"US Army Med Dep J"},{"key":"S0007114515004766_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/19.2.187","article-title":"Iron metabolism. 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