{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:10:40Z","timestamp":1793751040005,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A few epidemiological data are available assessing the associations of intakes of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine the associations of dietary intake of Na and K with the prevalence of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. We performed a cross-sectional study of 100 177 participants (46 596 men and 53 581 women) who underwent a health screening examination and completed a FFQ at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers, South Korea, between 2011 and 2013. NAFLD was defined by ultrasonographic detection of fatty liver in the absence of excessive alcohol intake or other known causes of liver disease. The proportion of NAFLD was 35\u00b76 % for men and 9\u00b78 % for women. Increasing prevalence of NAFLD was observed with increasing Na intake. The multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of NAFLD comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted Na intake were 1\u00b725 (95 % CI 1\u00b718, 1\u00b732; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>&lt;0\u00b7001) in men and 1\u00b732 (95 % CI 1\u00b718, 1\u00b747; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> &lt;0\u00b7001) in women. However, when we additionally adjusted for body fat percentage, the association became attenuated; the corresponding PR of NAFLD were 1\u00b715 (95 % CI 1\u00b709, 1\u00b721) in men and 1\u00b706 (95 % CI 0\u00b795, 1\u00b717) in women. No inverse association was observed for energy-adjusted K intake. Our findings suggest that higher Na intake is associated with a greater prevalence of NAFLD in young and middle-aged asymptomatic adults, which might be partly mediated by adiposity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114516003391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T01:36:42Z","timestamp":1476236202000},"page":"1447-1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Dietary sodium and potassium intake in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Yuni","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoosoo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunju","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hocheol","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungho","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-33"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.11.009"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31817be928"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602657"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.3.573"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref24","unstructured":"The Korean Nutrition Society (2000) Food composition table. In Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans, 7th ed. Seoul: KNS."},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1633907","article-title":"Different methods to calculate effect estimates in cross-sectional studies. A comparison between prevalence odds ratio and prevalence ratio","volume":"43","author":"Behrens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.041"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.362"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.261"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.042"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1794"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.02.013"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24452"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.070"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70272-0"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1199"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.523"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000022880.45113.C9"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143222"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9186-2"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009402"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref5","volume-title":"WHO. Guideline: Potassium Intake for Adults and Children","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055106"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref40","volume-title":"Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.802197"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1325"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20912"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.257"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra064486"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref23","first-page":"122","article-title":"Salt usage behaviors are related to urinary sodium excretion in normotensive Korean adults","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.059121"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7011.986"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref4","volume-title":"WHO. Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.69"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311989"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref27","first-page":"532","article-title":"Validity and reliability of Korean Version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form","volume":"28","author":"Oh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.02.005"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2487-3"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.010"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(02)80111-6"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref9","first-page":"E730","article-title":"Effect of sodium intake on insulin sensitivity","volume":"264","author":"Donovan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.035"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref41","volume-title":"Dietary Guidelines for Americans","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.1.195"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6114651"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.1018"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-3-21"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50193"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4567"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328316bb87"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu071"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1824-1"},{"key":"S0007114516003391_ref49","volume-title":"Korea Health Statistics 2013: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-1)","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114516003391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T17:59:52Z","timestamp":1555610392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114516003391\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114516003391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114516003391","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}