{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:11:14Z","timestamp":1784866274194,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. The<jats:italic>TNFa<\/jats:italic>gene is subject of epigenetic regulation in which folate and homocysteine are important molecules because they participate in the methionine cycle where the most important methyl group donor (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>-adenosylmethionine) is formed. We investigated whether<jats:italic>TNFa<\/jats:italic>gene promoter methylation status in T1D patients was related to blood folate, homocysteine and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>in a transversal case\u2013control study. We studied T1D patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>25, mean=13\u00b77 years) and healthy control subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>25, mean=31\u00b71 years), without T1D and\/or other autoimmune diseases or direct family history of these diseases. A blood sample was obtained for determination of serum folate, plasma homocysteine and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>concentrations. Whole blood was used for the extraction of DNA to determine the percentage of methylation by real-time PCR and melting-curve analysis. Results are expressed as means and standard deviations for parametric variables and as median (interquartile range) for non-parametric variables. T1D patients showed a higher<jats:italic>TNFa<\/jats:italic>gene promoter methylation (39\u00b72 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>19\u00b75) %) when compared with control subjects (25\u00b74 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>13\u00b77) %) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7008).<jats:italic>TNFa<\/jats:italic>gene promoter methylation was positively associated only with homocysteine levels in T1D patients (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>0\u00b755,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7007), but not in control subjects (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u22120\u00b7122,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7872). To our knowledge, this is the first work that reports the methylation status of the<jats:italic>TNFa<\/jats:italic>gene promoter and its relationship with homocysteine metabolism in Chilean T1D patients without disease complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114516003846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T09:41:22Z","timestamp":1480326082000},"page":"1861-1868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Epigenetics in type 1 diabetes:<i>TNFa<\/i>gene promoter methylation status in Chilean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Viviana","family":"Arroyo-Jousse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego F.","family":"Garcia-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethel","family":"Codner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"P\u00e9rez-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-014-0316-5"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.13.3975"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1591-y"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.05.028"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-08-3283"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9604-x"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872015000500002"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.03.003"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0421-5"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref46","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biology (Basel)","volume":"5","author":"Kurdyukov","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.09.063"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0178"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(97)00492-9"},{"key":"S0007114516003846_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima A , Kobayashi T , Ito S , et al. 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