{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T20:19:14Z","timestamp":1681503554403},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494460800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Black men are known to have a higher risk for prostate cancer (PC). Carotenoids and retinol, linked to PC, have not been compared in different black populations at risk. We examined serum carotenoid and retinol levels between PC-free African-Caribbean (AC) Tobagonian men with a high PC risk (high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, atypical foci or repeated abnormal PC screenings) and African-American (AA) men with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (\u22654 ng\/ml). AC men who participated in the 2003 lycopene clinical trial and AA men who participated in the 2001\u20132006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were compared. Serum specimens were analysed for carotenoid (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-carotene, <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-carotene, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-cryptoxanthin, lutein\/zeaxanthin and lycopene) and retinol levels by isocratic HPLC. Quantile regression was used to examine the association between serum carotenoid and retinol levels and black ethnicity, overall and among men with elevated serum PSA. There were sixty-nine AC men and sixty-five AA men, aged 41\u201379 years, included. AC men were associated with lower serum lycopene and retinol levels, and higher serum <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>- and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-carotenes and lutein\/zeaxanthin levels compared with AA men, after adjusting for age, BMI, ever smoked cigarettes, education and hypertension (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u22640\u00b703). Among men with elevated PSA, serum retinol was no longer statistically significant with ethnicity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b706). Possible differences may be attributed to dietary intake, genetics and\/or factors that influence bioavailability of these micronutrients. Prospective studies are warranted that investigate whether these differences in micronutrients between AC Tobagonian and AA men influence PC risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114517000873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T13:03:09Z","timestamp":1494507789000},"page":"1128-1136","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum carotenoid and retinol levels in African-Caribbean Tobagonian men with high prostate cancer risk in comparison with African-American men"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Alicia C.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clareann H.","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Richie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.033"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi030"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref34","unstructured":"Fraser GE & Jaceldo-Siegl K (2016) Biomarkers of dietary intake are correlated with corresponding measures from repeated dietary recalls and food-frequency questionnaires in the Adventist Health Study-2. 146, 586\u2013594."},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000148260.69779.c5"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000168178.48535.0d"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(89)90467-0"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref18","unstructured":"Ries L , Eisner M , Kosary C , et al. (2004) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20132002. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/archive\/csr\/1975_2002\/ (accessed March 2017)."},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580701274046"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref2","volume-title":"Cancer Facts and Figures 2016","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.06805.x"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007001310"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00434-7"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.24.1872"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref20","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008) Laboratory procedure manual. Fat soluble micronutrients (vitamins A, E and carotenoids). http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/nhanes_03_04\/l45vit_c_met_vitae_carotenoids.pdf (accessed July 2016)."},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12869"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt430"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.069039"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref37","first-page":"518","article-title":"The association between lung and prostate cancer risk, and serum micronutrients: results and lessons learned from beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial","volume":"12","author":"Goodman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990120208"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.685"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(91)80266-K"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0394"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890801)64:3<605::AID-CNCR2820640307>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref3","first-page":"340","article-title":"The role of tomato products and lycopene in the prevention of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"13","author":"Etminan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010176"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89050"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref1","unstructured":"Ferlay J , Soerjomataram I , Ervik M , et al. (2013) Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide, Globocan 2012 v1.0, IARC CancerBase No. 11. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer."},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-03-0012"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6020466"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.114306"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp402"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.23.1767"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref17","first-page":"726","article-title":"High prevalence of screening-detected prostate cancer among Afro-Caribbeans: the Tobago Prostate Cancer Survey","volume":"11","author":"Bunker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.11.1023"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref40","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Dietary beta-carotene and cancer of the prostate: a case-control study in Kyoto, Japan","volume":"48","author":"Ohno","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114999"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq429"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref35","first-page":"6836","article-title":"Diet, tobacco use, and fatal prostate cancer: results from the Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study","volume":"50","author":"Hsing","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.1.40"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20667"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010322"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089553"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref7","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopene levels: results of a prospective analysis","volume":"59","author":"Gann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114517000873_ref22","first-page":"861","article-title":"Phase II randomized clinical trial of lycopene supplementation before radical prostatectomy","volume":"10","author":"Kucuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114517000873","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T00:28:06Z","timestamp":1555547286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114517000873\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114517000873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114517000873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2017\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}