{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:36:40Z","timestamp":1793659000290,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511913600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malnutrition has been reported in the homeless, yet the specific nutritional issues faced by each homeless community are unclear. This is in part due to nutrient intake often being compared with dietary reference values as opposed to a comparative housed population. In addition, the complex interplay between nutrient intake, reward mediated behaviour and mental illness is frequently overlooked. This study aimed to compare the dietary intake, nutritional status and mental wellbeing of homeless and housed adults. Homeless (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>75) and matched housed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>75) adults were recruited from Reading (UK). Nutrient intake was determined using the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Norfolk FFQ. The Patient Health Questionnaire: Somatic Anxiety Depressive Symptoms (PHQ-SADS) assessed for signs of mental illness. Demographic, behavioural and physiological information was collected using closed-ended questions and anthropometric measurements. Overall, dietary intake was poorer in homeless adults who reported higher intakes of salt (8\u00b70<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 6\u00b74 g,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7017), SFA (14\u00b76<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 13\u00b70 %,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7002) and alcohol (5\u00b73<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 1\u00b79 %,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) and lower intakes of fibre (13\u00b74<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 16\u00b73 g,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001), vitamin C (79<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 109 mg,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) and fruit (96<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 260 g,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) than housed. Smoking, substance misuse and PHQ-SADS scores were also higher in the homeless (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001). Within the homeless population, street homeless (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>24) had lower SFA (13\u00b77<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>.15\u00b70 %,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7010), Ca (858<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 1032 mg,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7027) and milk intakes (295<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 449 g,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001) than hostel residents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>51), which may reflect the issues with food storage. This study highlights the disparity between nutritional status in homeless and housed populations and the need for dietary intervention in the homeless community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114517002495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T13:58:00Z","timestamp":1511963880000},"page":"707-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dietary intake, nutritional status and mental wellbeing of homeless adults in Reading, UK"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3734-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalind","family":"Fallaize","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine V.","family":"Seale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Mortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Lovegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.188","article-title":"Use of biological markers to validate self-reported dietary intake in a random sample of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer United Kingdom Norfolk cohort","volume":"74","author":"McKeown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref7","first-page":"451","article-title":"Assessment of the nutritional status of urban homeless adults","volume":"104","author":"Luder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601620"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref14","unstructured":"Thomas B (2011) Homelessness: A silent killer - A research briefing on mortality amongst homeless people. London: Crisis. https:\/\/www.crisis.org.uk\/ending-homelessness\/homelessness-knowledge-hub\/health-and-wellbeing\/homelessness-a-silent-killer-2011\/."},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref25","volume-title":"Physical Status: the Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref45","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (2012) 2011 census: key statistics for Wales, March 2011 \u2013 ethnic group and identity. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/populationandmigration\/populationestimates\/bulletins\/2011censuskeystatisticsforwales\/2012-12-11#ethnic-group-and-identity (accessed June 2017)."},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.2.530","article-title":"Ascorbate is depleted by smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation: a study in male smokers and nonsmokers with matched dietary antioxidant intakes","volume":"71","author":"Lykkesfeldt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.12.2750","article-title":"Mechanisms of thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism","volume":"33","author":"Hoyumpa","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1775"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137047"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb124418.x","article-title":"Thiamin status of a sample of homeless clinic attenders in Sydney","volume":"152","author":"Darnton-Hill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med J Aus"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-51"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref38","volume-title":"Alcohol-Use Disorders: Diagnosis and Management of Physical Complications [CG100]","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39609.449676.25"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00246.2003"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-277x.1999.00157.x"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.8.1926","article-title":"Homeless youth in Toronto are nutritionally vulnerable","volume":"135","author":"Tarasuk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2010.01.014"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref30","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients: Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.214"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15378020902910496"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000434757"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39147.604896.55"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491312800105"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref2","unstructured":"Department for Communities and Local Government (2016) Rough sleeping statistics: Autumn 2015 England https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/503015\/Rough_Sleeping_Autumn_2015_statistical_release.pdf (accessed June 2016)."},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601312"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-012-9708-4"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.07.011"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref5","unstructured":"Hickey C & Downey D (2003) Hungry for Change: Social Exclusion, Food Poverty and Homelessness in Dublin; a Pilot Research Study. Dublin: Focus Ireland."},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004503"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref11","first-page":"229","article-title":"Homelessness and Health","volume":"164","author":"Hwang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref12","unstructured":"Homeless Link (2015) The unhealthy state of homelessness: health audit results 2014. London: Homeless Link. http:\/\/www.homeless.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/site-attachments\/The%20unhealthy%20state%20of%20homelessness%20FINAL.pdf (accessed July 2017)."},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref31","unstructured":"Food Standards Agency (2006) Research into food poverty and homelessness in Northern Ireland \u2013 final report. Belfast: Deloitte MCS Limited. http:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20111206074236\/http:\/\/www.food.gov.uk\/multimedia\/pdfs\/homelessnifood.pdf (accessed July 2017)."},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2000119"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8223(93)91752-C"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12130"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)00739-2","article-title":"Wasting malnutrition and inadequate nutrient intakes identified in a multiethnic homeless population","volume":"92","author":"Wolgemuth","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.1993.tb00389.x"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408043310506"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref40","volume-title":"Hypertension: Clinical Management of Primary Hypertension in Adults. NICE Guidelines, CG127","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN200053"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2000102"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00007"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref1","unstructured":"Department for Communities and Local Government (2016) Statutory homelessness: October to December Quarter 2015 England. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/509763\/Statutory_Homelessness_Statistical_Release_October_to_December_2015.pdf (accessed June 2016)."},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0649-8"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.2.200"},{"key":"S0007114517002495_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1997.00371.x"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114517002495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T16:42:38Z","timestamp":1660063358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114517002495\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114517002495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114517002495","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2017\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}