{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:03:12Z","timestamp":1787166192229,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hidden hunger is widespread in India. Individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) is a measure of the nutrient adequacy of the diet. The FAO has set guidelines for the measurement of dietary diversity: the IDDS and the minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) to assess nutritional deficiency, but validation against nutritional biomarkers is required. Using available data among rural youth (17 years) from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study, the validity of DDS was assessed to measure deficiencies of vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    , folate and Hb. Of the 355 boys and 305 girls, 19 % were classified as underweight, 57 % as vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficient (&lt;150 pmol\/l) and 22 % as anaemic (&lt;120\/130 g\/l). Cereals, legumes and \u2018other-vegetables\u2019 were the most frequently consumed foods. More boys than girls consumed milk, flesh, eggs and micronutrient-dense foods. Median IDDS of 4 (interquartile range (IQR) 3\u20134) and MDD-W of 6 (IQR 5\u20137) were low. Youth with vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficiency had a higher likelihood of an IDDS \u2264 4 (1\u00b789; 95 % CI 1\u00b724, 2\u00b787) or an MDD-W \u2264 5 (1\u00b740; 95 % CI 1\u00b702, 1\u00b794). Youth with anaemia were more likely to have an IDDS \u2264 4 (1\u00b776; 95 % CI 1\u00b701, 3\u00b714) adjusted for socio-economic scores, BMI, energy intake and sex. Folate deficiency was low (3 %) and was not associated with either score. Youth with lowest plasma vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Hb infrequently or never consumed dairy products\/non-vegetarian foods. These rural Indian youth were underweight, had low DDS and consumed foods low in good-quality proteins and micronutrients. Associations of DDS with circulating micronutrients indicate that DDS is a valid measure to predict vitamin B\n                    <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                    deficiency and anaemia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114520004018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T23:48:01Z","timestamp":1602546481000},"page":"236-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Dietary diversity scores, nutrient intakes and biomarkers vitamin B\n                    <sub>12<\/sub>\n                    , folate and Hb in rural youth from the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"A. V.","family":"Ganpule-Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. S.","family":"Yajnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Rush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000348463"},{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref45","first-page":"16","article-title":"Tracking food consumption frequency of children from age 4 to 6 years: the Pacific Islands Families study","volume":"128","author":"Savila","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref28","volume-title":"Indian Food Composition Tables","author":"Longvah","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00371-1"},{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000219"},{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref44","first-page":"63","article-title":"Food frequency information \u2013 relationships to body composition and apparent growth in 4-year-old children in the Pacific Island Family Study","volume":"121","author":"Rush","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005912"},{"key":"S0007114520004018_ref8","unstructured":"8. 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