{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:51:19Z","timestamp":1788522679831,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insufficiency of vitamin D, during pregnancy, is a common cause of various pregnancy-related complications. Despite such insufficiency being frequently reported among South Asian pregnant women, the absence of systematic review and meta-analysis renders the true extent of this problem being poorly characterised. In this systematic review, three main databases (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched for original studies. We included original studies published between 1January 2001 to 31 December 2019, conducted on pregnant women who lived in South Asian countries and reported the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among the study participants. Twenty studies with a total of 7804 participants from four South Asian countries finally met our selection criteria. Overall pooled prevalence of insufficiency was 65 % (95 % CI: 51 %, 78 %) with a significant heterogeneity (I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 99\u00b737 %; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b700). The average level of vitamin D ranged from 9 ng\/ml to 24\u00b786 ng\/ml with a weighted mean of 16\u00b737 ng\/ml (weighted standard deviation 7\u00b713 ng\/ml). The highest prevalence of insufficiency was found in Pakistan (76 %) followed by India (67 %), Bangladesh (64 %) and Nepal (14 %). Results obtained in this study suggest that vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent among South Asian pregnant women. Being the first systematic review in this region, findings from this study will help the future studies and strengthen the evidence for policymakers to develop effective mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114521004360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T08:35:35Z","timestamp":1635842135000},"page":"1118-1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among South Asian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7462-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahbubul Hasan","family":"Siddiqee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3117-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badhan","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umme Ruman","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Meshbhaur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2019.07.002"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Vitamin D: the sunshine vitamin","volume":"3","author":"Nair","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076636"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.01.006"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-018-1095-7"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.037473","article-title":"Maternal serum vitamin D levels in pregnancy is associated with adiposity in the offspring: findings from the Southampton Women\u2019s Survey","volume":"96","author":"Crozier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.11.036"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldu018"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800927"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jcgo473w"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref70","volume-title":"Ending Child Marriage: Progress and Prospects, UNICEF","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11888-1"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref24","first-page":"e6115","article-title":"Risk factors for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia disorders in tertiary care center in Sukkur, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Soomro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30457-7"},{"key":"S0007114521004360_ref73","unstructured":"73. 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