{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T07:36:46Z","timestamp":1781163406596,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plant-based diets may increase the risk of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency due to limited intake of animal-source foods, while dietary folate increases when adhering to plant-based diets. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and folate status of Norwegian vegans and vegetarians using dietary B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> intake, B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and folic acid supplement use, and biomarkers (serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> (B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>), plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) and serum folate). Vegans (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 115) and vegetarians (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 90) completed a 24-h dietary recall and a FFQ and provided a non-fasting blood sample. cB<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, a combined indicator for evaluation of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> status, was calculated. B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> status was adequate in both vegans and vegetarians according to the cB<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> indicator; however 4 % had elevated B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>. Serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, tHcy, MMA concentrations and the cB<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> indicator (overall median: 357 pmol\/l, 9\u00b70 \u00b5mol\/l, 0\u00b718 \u00b5mol\/l, 1\u00b730 (cB<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>)) did not differ between vegans and vegetarians, unlike for folate (vegans: 25\u00b78 nmol\/l, vegetarians: 21\u00b76 nmol\/l, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7027). Serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> concentration &lt; 221 pmol\/l was found in 14 % of all participants. Vegetarians revealed the highest proportion of participants below the recommended daily intake of 2 \u00b5g\/d including supplements (40 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 18 %, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001). Predictors of higher serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> concentrations were average daily supplement use and older age. Folate deficiency (&lt; 10 nmol\/l) was uncommon overall (&lt; 2\u00b75 %). The combined indicator cB<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> suggested that none of the participants was B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>-depleted; however, low serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> concentration was found in 14 % of the participants. Folate concentrations were adequate, indicating adequate folate intake in Norwegian vegans and vegetarians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114522002987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T09:53:15Z","timestamp":1664272395000},"page":"2076-2083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Adequate vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> and folate status of Norwegian vegans and vegetarians"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0671-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigrun","family":"Henjum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Synne","family":"Groufh-Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Raael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Israelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Setareh","family":"Shahab-Ferdows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Hampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114522002987_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.357"},{"key":"S0007114522002987_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.81.2.434"},{"key":"S0007114522002987_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.40"},{"key":"S0007114522002987_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.8.1277"},{"key":"S0007114522002987_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.100"},{"key":"S0007114522002987_ref18","first-page":"55","article-title":"Flexitarian diets and health: a review of the evidence-based literature","volume":"3","author":"Derbyshire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"S0007114522002987_ref22","unstructured":"22. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}