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This study focused on the assessment of serum micronutrient and Hb concentrations and a range of non-nutritional factors, to evaluate their associations with the risk of anaemia among the Ethiopian population (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 2046). It also explored the mediation effect of Zn on the relation between <jats:sc>s<\/jats:sc>e and Hb. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between serum micronutrients concentration, inflammation biomarkers, nutritional status, presence of parasitic infection and socio-demographic factors with Hb concentration (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 2046). Sobel\u2013Goodman test was applied to investigate the mediation of Zn on relations between serum <jats:sc>s<\/jats:sc>e and Hb. In total, 18\u00b76 % of participants were anaemic, 5\u00b78 % had iron deficiency (ID), 2\u00b76 % had ID anaemia and 0\u00b76 % had tissue ID. Younger age, household head illiteracy and low serum concentrations of ferritin, Co, Cu and folate were associated with anaemia. Serum <jats:sc>s<\/jats:sc>e had an indirect effect that was mediated by Zn, with a significant effect of <jats:sc>s<\/jats:sc>e on Zn (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001) and Zn on Hb (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001). The findings of this study suggest the need for designing a multi-sectorial intervention to address anaemia based on demographic group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114523001472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T06:59:22Z","timestamp":1688972362000},"page":"2123-2135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Micronutrients and socio-demographic factors were major predictors of anaemia among the Ethiopian population"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Adamu","family":"Belay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J. M.","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Murray","family":"Lark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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