{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:53:05Z","timestamp":1747173185584,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess hemoglobin\u00a0concentration and its association with oral contraceptive (OC) use, food insecurity (FI) and dietary iron availability (DIA) in adult women of reproductive age (20\u201344 years). This is a population-based cross-sectional study that analysed 505 women living in favelas and urban communities in a capital city in northeastern Brazil. Hemoglobin concentration was determined using capillary blood samples. FI and DIA\u00a0were assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the 24-h food recall, respectively. Association analysis was carried out using logistic regression. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was designed to illustrate the causal paths between hemoglobin concentration and DIA. A significance level of 5 % was adopted. Low hemoglobin concentrations (11\u00b72 g\/dl: (1\u00b779)) and a high prevalence of anaemia (64\u00b70 %) were observed; 28\u00b77 % used OC (28\u00b77 %) and 76\u00b74 % were in FI. An average energetic intake of 1495 kcal\/d (482\u00b70) and 0\u00b746 mg\/d (0\u00b727) of DIA were also observed. In the DAG-guided multivariable analysis, it was observed that hemoglobin concentrations \u2265 12 mg\/dl were directly associated with higher DIA\u00a0(OR: 1\u00b767; 95 % CI (1. 08, 2\u00b759)) and OC use (OR: 1\u00b767; 95 % CI (1\u00b710, 2\u00b755)) and inversely associated with mild FI (OR: 0\u00b760; 95 % CI (0\u00b737, 0\u00b796)) or severe FI (OR: 0\u00b737; 95 % CI: (0\u00b718, 0\u00b776)). Women taking OC and with a higher DIA were less likely to have low hemoglobin concentrations, while those in the context of FI were in the opposite situation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114524001375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T11:25:40Z","timestamp":1729164340000},"page":"946-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The concentration of hemoglobin is associated with the dietary iron availability, food insecurity and the use of oral contraceptives among women in socially vulnerable areas of a capital city in northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Thays Lane Ferreira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terezinha da Rocha","family":"Ataide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"De Carli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3286-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nassib Bezerra","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4663-4936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Soares","family":"B\u00e1due","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo","family":"Flor\u00eancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1003-9836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro","family":"Silva-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114524001375_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/D.9.2017.tde-20072017-153058"},{"key":"S0007114524001375_ref21","unstructured":"21. 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