{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1780664965839,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Low vitamin D associated with high parathyroid hormone (PTH) is common in HIV infection. We determined the association between total 25(OH)D and PTH in adolescents living with HIV, in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Adolescents (11\u201319 years) perinatally infected with HIV and established on antiretroviral therapy for \u2265 6 months were recruited into a cross-sectional study. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, anthropometry measured and fasted serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D, total 25(OH)D and intact PTH measured. The association between total 25(OH)D and PTH was examined using natural cubic spline regression. 842 participants (female: 53\u00b72%) with a median age of 15\u00b75 (IQR: 13\u00b72\u201317\u00b79) years were enrolled. Median antiretroviral therapy duration was 9\u00b78 (IQR: 6\u00b73\u201312\u00b73) years, and 165\/841 had an HIV viral-load &gt;60 copies\/ml. Stunting (height-for-age z-score &lt;\u20132) and underweight (weight-for-age z-score &lt;\u20132) were observed in 29\u00b79 and 30\u00b70%, respectively. Three-quarters reported daily Ca intakes &lt;150 mg\/d. The mean (\n                    <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>\n                    ) concentrations of total 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D were 66\u00b71(16\u00b75) nmol\/l and 210\u00b76 (70\u00b74) pmol\/l, respectively, and median PTH level was 4\u00b73 (IQR: 3\u00b73\u20135\u00b75) pmol\/l. There was an inverse non-linear relationship between total 25(OH)D and PTH, 25(OH)D levelling off at 74\u00b76 nmol\/l (95 % CI: 74\u00b75, 75\u00b72). Results were consistent in those taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and virally unsuppressed participants. In this population with extremely low habitual Ca intakes, the lack of association between 25(OH)D and PTH when 25(OH)D exceeded 75 nmol\/l potentially suggests that levels of 25(OH)D &gt;75 nmol\/l may need to be achieved to improve bone health; investigation is needed in future research studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114525000509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T21:49:56Z","timestamp":1741816196000},"page":"885-891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in adolescents living with HIV in southern Africa: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2449-0027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tafadzwa","family":"Madanhire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"MacDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuredin I.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lackson","family":"Kasonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Teaching Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hildah B.","family":"Mabuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Teaching Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Chisenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Teaching Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C. Y.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia"},{"name":"Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia"},{"name":"Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsitsi","family":"Bandason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyasha V.","family":"Dzavakwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4897-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Simms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashida A.","family":"Ferrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia L.","family":"Gregson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute"},{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3269","article-title":"Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate appears to disrupt the relationship of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone","volume":"23","author":"Havens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Ther"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref33","volume-title":"Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity","author":"Kennedy","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref32","first-page":"292","volume-title":"Southern Africa","author":"Christopher","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0567"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05985-0"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3199"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00401-7"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3236283"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922811425954"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.722032"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.012"},{"key":"S0007114525000509_ref40","unstructured":"40. 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