{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:53:56Z","timestamp":1785412436824,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is common in the UK, especially in certain ethnic minority populations. There is limited information on childhood vitamin D status in the UK, or factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Using a cross-sectional study of 4650 children of South Asian, Black African and Caribbean and White European origins (9\u201310 years old) surveyed between 2004 and 2007, we investigated measurements of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations (a measure of vitamin D status) and anthropometric measurements. Overall, 68 % of children had 25(OH)D concentrations \u2264 50 nmol\/L and were either insufficient (25\u201350 nmol\/L) (45 %) or deficient (&lt; 25 nmol\/L) (23 %). Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were lowest in South Asian (especially Bangladeshi) children, intermediate in Black African and Caribbean and highest in White European children. Mean values were \u2264 50 nmol\/L for all children during the winter months and \u2264 50 nmol\/L throughout the year for South Asian, Black African and Caribbean children. In analyses adjusted for season, age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status and fat mass index, girls had a higher risk of being vitamin D deficient or insufficient (OR 1\u00b749, 95 % CI 1\u00b732, 1\u00b768) compared with boys. South Asian children (OR 25\u00b749, 95 % CI 19\u00b795, 32\u00b757) and Black African and Caribbean children (OR 10\u00b731, 95 % CI 10\u00b731, 17\u00b752) had the highest risks of being deficient or insufficient compared with White European children. Childhood vitamin D deficiency was common in this study population. In the UK, targeted and novel interventions are needed to increase 25(OH)D concentrations, particularly South Asian and Black African and Caribbean children and reduce the health risks associated with low vitamin D status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114525105187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T02:45:56Z","timestamp":1758595556000},"page":"689-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in primary school children of South Asian, White European, Black African and Caribbean and White European origin: a cross-sectional survey (2004\u20132007) in London, Birmingham and Leicester"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8238-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela S.","family":"Donin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047ybhc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Population Health Research Institute, City St George\u2019s, University of London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Limb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047ybhc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Population Health Research Institute, City St George\u2019s, University of London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C. Y.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East Anglia"},{"name":"Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Foundations Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Whincup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047ybhc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Population Health Research Institute, City St George\u2019s, University of London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114525105187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:49:03Z","timestamp":1766069343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114525105187\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114525105187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114525105187","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}