{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:18:16Z","timestamp":1785424696099,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Traditional studies examining caffeine intake and age-related eye diseases (ARED) have shown inconsistent results, potentially related to variations in caffeine assessment methods. This two-sample Mendelian randomisation study investigated associations between plasma caffeine and four ARED: senile cataract, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Summary data on genetically predicted plasma caffeine came from a genome-wide association study of 9876 European-ancestry participants across six population-based studies. ARED data were extracted from FinnGen Consortium clinical records. We further examined causal effects on glaucoma subtypes: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and assessed intraocular pressure (IOP) as a potential mediator. Higher genetically predicted plasma caffeine levels were associated with reduced risk of senile cataract (OR 0\u00b784, 95 % CI 0\u00b778, 0\u00b790,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0\u00b7001), DR (OR 0\u00b781, 95 % CI 0\u00b774, 0\u00b788,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0\u00b7001), glaucoma (OR 0\u00b783, 95 % CI 0\u00b773, 0\u00b795,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7008) and PACG (OR 0\u00b774, 95 % CI 0\u00b754, 0\u00b799,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7046). No associations were observed with AMD or POAG. Mediation analysis suggested that 41 % (95 % CI \u22120\u00b714, \u22120\u00b701) of caffeine\u2019s effect on glaucoma was mediated by IOP. Our findings indicate that elevated plasma caffeine may protect against senile cataract, DR and glaucoma, but not AMD. Effects differed by glaucoma subtype, with IOP partially explaining the overall association. This study provides genetic evidence supporting caffeine\u2019s role in mitigating ARED risk, highlighting its potential therapeutic implications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114525105291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T01:14:28Z","timestamp":1763342068000},"page":"63-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Plasma caffeine level as a protective factor against age-related eye diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Xinni","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000sxmx78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuze","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000sxmx78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yien","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000sxmx78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyao","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minghui","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000sxmx78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"},{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114525105291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:32:08Z","timestamp":1770111128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114525105291\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114525105291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114525105291","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}