{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:38:06Z","timestamp":1785404286113,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dehydration, assessed by urine and blood evaluation, is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between water deficit, as determined by a dietary assessment, and CKD prevalence is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify this association among adults in the USA. This cross-sectional study included the data of 9332 participants aged 18 years or older from the 2009\u20132012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Water turnover was calculated using an equation developed by the International Doubly Labelled Water Database Group. Total water intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall on \u2265 1 d. Water deficit was defined as the ratio of water intake to water turnover. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 ml\/min\/1\u00b773 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , calculated by the 2021 CKD Epidemiology formula. OR for CKD prevalence were calculated using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models. The mean daily water intake, turnover and deficit were 2799 ml, 3290 ml and \u201315 %, respectively. CKD prevalence was 6\u00b73 %. After adjusting for lifestyle and urine and serum osmolality, the fourth water deficit quartile was inversely associated with CKD prevalence when compared with the first quartile (OR, 0\u00b771; 95 % CI, 0\u00b751, 0\u00b798). In the spline analysis, the water deficit at which the OR for CKD prevalence plateaued was approximately \u201330 % to 0 %. Water deficit had an L-shaped association with CKD prevalence independent of urine and serum osmolality, highlighting the importance of assessing water intake relative to dietary needs. These findings may assist the development of water requirements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114525105667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T10:14:13Z","timestamp":1763979253000},"page":"108-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["L-shaped relationship between water deficit and prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adults in the USA: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2077-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Waseda University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ntfnx83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5644-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ntfnx83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Waseda University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ntfnx83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1146-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiko","family":"Miyachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ntfnx83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ntfnx83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Waseda University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114525105667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:32:13Z","timestamp":1770111133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114525105667\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114525105667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114525105667","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}