{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:08:39Z","timestamp":1788836919501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inadequate breakfast consumption among schoolchildren affects cognitive function, academic performance and health, highlighting the need for school-based nutrition interventions. This study evaluates the short- and longer-term impact of the GESIT (\n                    <jats:italic>Gerakan Sarapan Bergizi Berprestasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    or Nutritious Breakfast for Excellence Campaign) school breakfast programme on nutrition knowledge, breakfast nutrient intake and short-term memory among elementary students aged 9\u201311 years in Bogor, Indonesia. A pre-post quasi-experimental design was used across three groups: breakfast intervention with education (BreakfastEdu group), nutrition education only (Education group) and a Control group. Longer-term evaluation occurred 3 months post-intervention. Subjects were grade 4\u20135 students (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    212). The intervention lasted 20 school days. Data were collected on socio-economic characteristics, breakfast nutrient intake, nutrition knowledge and short-term memory. Short-term impacts showed the highest nutrition knowledge improvements in the BreakfastEdu (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0\u00b7001) and Education groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0\u00b7001). Energy, protein, total fat, vitamins A, B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , B\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , C, D, Ca, Fe, Zn, potassium, PUFA,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) intake increased in the BreakfastEdu group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0\u00b705) from baseline to endline. Significant differences from baseline to endline between groups were observed for these nutrients, except for protein, Fe, Zn,\u00a0PUFA, ALA and LA intake. Short-term memory scores improved only in the BreakfastEdu group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b701). Initial intervention gains diminished after 3 months without reinforcement.\n                    <jats:italic>Post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    mixed-effect sensitivity analysis attenuated significance when school-level clustering was taken into consideration. The GESIT programme enhanced short-term breakfast nutrient intake in the BreakfastEdu group. While nutrition knowledge and memory improved within intervention groups, long-term impact was not sustained. Future programmes should incorporate continuous education and school policy support to maintain results.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114526106916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:55:28Z","timestamp":1774436128000},"page":"72-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short- and longer-term impact of a school breakfast programme on nutrition knowledge, breakfast nutrient intake and short-term memory of schoolchildren aged 9\u201311 years: results of the GESIT study in Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Purnawati Hustina","family":"Rachman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05smgpd89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IPB University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dodik","family":"Briawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05smgpd89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IPB University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elma","family":"Alfiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Al-Azhar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nur Hasan","family":"Syah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reisi","family":"Nurdiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05smgpd89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IPB University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahyuni Wulan","family":"Oktaviani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05smgpd89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IPB University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athifa Putri","family":"Rialdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05smgpd89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IPB University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuseph Saeful","family":"Hidayah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05smgpd89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"IPB University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Sch\u00f6ningh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Linde","family":"Hagendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31246\/mjn-2019-0127"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018002586"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-017-0008-y"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062080"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01158-z"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-022-00434-z"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref55","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology","author":"Olivier","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref44","volume-title":"Buku Foto Makanan (Food Picture Book)","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref33","first-page":"121","article-title":"Pengaruh pendidikan gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap tentang gizi anak Sekolah Dasar (Influence of nutrition education towards nutrition knowledge and attitude of elementary school children)","volume":"3","author":"Nuryanto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jurnal Gizi Indonesia"},{"key":"S0007114526106916_ref7","unstructured":"7. 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