{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:03:31Z","timestamp":1790769811181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vitamin D has been associated with depression, potentially via anti-inflammatory mechanisms, yet data are scarce, particularly in adolescence. We investigated (1) whether lower vitamin D status is associated with greater depression severity and (2) whether this association is statistically moderated by inflammation in patients of a child and adolescent psychiatry department. At admission, fasting morning venous blood was drawn. Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25(OH)D)) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analysed in all participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    465 (64\u00b77 %\u2640; 11\u00b73\u201318\u00b79 years)). In a subsample (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    177), we additionally measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , interferon-gamma (IFN-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and interleukin (IL)-1\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IL-6, IL-8\u00a0and IL-10. Depression severity was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    450), the Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence via self-assessment (DISYPS Self) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    441) and parent-assessment (DISYPS Proxy) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    422). Overall, 43\u00b72 % (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    201) were at risk for vitamin D deficiency (&lt; 30 nmol\/l), and 73\u00b75\u201383\u00b72 % \u2013 depending on assessment tool \u2013 showed at least mild depression. Linear regression revealed an inverse association between 25(OH)D and BDI-II in both crude and CRP-adjusted full-sample models. Logistic regressions showed a robust inverse association between 25(OH)D and DISYPS Proxy, but not for DISYPS Self. Although 25(OH)D was inversely correlated with some pro-inflammatory markers, neither their inclusion in regression models nor formal mediation analyses supported inflammation as a mediator of the vitamin D\u2013depression association. Overall, our results suggest that vitamin D relates modestly to both depression and inflammation in adolescence. However, based on the measured parameters, we cannot confirm that anti-inflammatory effects are the link between vitamin D and depression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114526106928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T02:31:02Z","timestamp":1774492262000},"page":"256-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does inflammation explain the association between vitamin D and depression? Results of a cross-sectional study in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4969-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Schlarbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/058kzsd48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/058kzsd48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University"},{"name":"Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Witten\/Herdecke 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University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, St-Josef Hospital Bochum and Center for Rare Diseases, Ruhr-University Bochum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Grasemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triinu","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Genetics of Mental Disorders, University Hospital Essen"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen"},{"name":"Institute of Sex- and Gender-Sensitive Medicine, University Hospital Essen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Hinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Genetics of Mental Disorders, University 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