{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:50:32Z","timestamp":1791291032187,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In 250 men (21\u00b74 (\n                    <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>\n                    2\u00b79) years; BMI 24\u00b72 (\n                    <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>\n                    3\u00b70) kg\u00b7m\n                    <jats:sup>\u20132<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) commencing arduous military training during winter, we investigated the effect of 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation on lower body (pelvic girdle, sacrum, coccyx and lower limb) overuse musculoskeletal injury risk in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received either simulated sunlight (1\u00b73 \u00d7 standard erythemal dose in T-shirt and shorts, three times per week for 4 weeks and then once per week for 8 weeks), oral vitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (1000 IU \u00b7 d\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 4 weeks and then 400 IU \u00b7 d\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 8 weeks) or placebo for each intervention. Serum vitamin D metabolites and bone metabolism biomarkers were measured at baseline, week 5 and week 12. At baseline, 29 % of participants were vitamin D sufficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D \u2265 50 nmol\u00b7L\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Vitamin D supplementation achieved vitamin D sufficiency in 95 % of participants after 4 weeks. During 6 months of training and subsequent 3 years of military service, 100 lower body overuse musculoskeletal injuries were diagnosed by clinicians. Frailty models indicated no difference in injury risk between vitamin D and placebo during military training (HR\n                    <jats:sub>placebo:vitamin D<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 1\u00b723 (95 % CI 0\u00b757, 2\u00b766),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7597) or military service (HR\n                    <jats:sub>placebo:vitamin D<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0\u00b794 (95 % CI 0\u00b760, 1\u00b746),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7782). Both safe simulated sunlight and oral vitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    were effective in achieving and maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in almost all. There was no clear evidence that vitamin D affects the risk of lower body overuse musculoskeletal injury during 6 months of military training or subsequent 3 years of military service.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114526107107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T05:49:33Z","timestamp":1776145773000},"page":"373-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D supplementation and musculoskeletal injury risk in young men undergoing arduous training: a randomised placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7922-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Carswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026k5mg93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Swinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1120-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bvxzn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bvxzn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C. Y.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026k5mg93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich"},{"name":"Departments of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangor University, Bangor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel M.","family":"Wentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Izard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology, Porton Down, Ministry of Defence, Salisbury"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Military General Practice, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, and University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley E.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil 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