{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T09:44:03Z","timestamp":1792575843346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/tdm\/tdmrep-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common blood cancers. Despite lengthening survival with modern therapy, it remains largely fatal. Understanding the influence of common modifiable risk factors on MM risk is necessary to inform prevention. We investigated the association between dietary exposures and MM in an Australian population-based case\u2013control study (2010\u20132016). Incident cases of MM (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    746) were recruited primarily via cancer registries. Controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    706) were siblings or spouses of cases. We estimated OR and 95 % CI for associations between MM and dietary exposures, including dietary patterns, fish consumption and a healthy lifestyle index, adjusting for confounders. Higher scores on a modified version of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 were associated with reduced risk of MM (mAHEI: OR = 0\u00b788, 95 % CI = 0\u00b778, 0\u00b798). There was weaker evidence for reduced risk associated with higher healthful plant-based dietary index score (hPDI: OR = 0\u00b791, 95 % CI = 0\u00b781, 1\u00b702). Increased MM risks were observed with higher scores on empirical dietary indices for inflammatory pattern (OR = 1\u00b720, 95 % CI = 1\u00b707, 1\u00b735), hyperinsulinaemia (OR = 1\u00b715, 95 % CI = 1\u00b702, 1\u00b731) and insulin resistance (OR = 1\u00b721, 95 % CI = 1\u00b708, 1\u00b737). There was no clear evidence of association with MM risk for fish consumption or a healthy lifestyle index. We observed an association between adherence to a healthy diet and lower MM risk. Adherence to dietary patterns with the potential to increase insulin levels, insulin resistance or promote inflammation was associated with increased MM risk. Results of studies assessing dietary intervention for MM prevention could reveal whether dietary modification directly influences MM risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114526107156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:38:02Z","timestamp":1778657882000},"page":"717-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diet and risk of multiple myeloma: findings from a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0352-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Cheah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-2197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison M.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie K.","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona J.","family":"Bruinsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Burnet Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Cozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Clinical Haematology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harindra","family":"Jayasekara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Miles","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Epworth Healthcare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Wong Doo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham G.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bfwt286","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger L.","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023m51b03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ej9dk98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bfwt286","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114526107156_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422322"},{"key":"S0007114526107156_ref60","unstructured":"60. 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Cancer Council Victoria and the Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}