{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T11:22:49Z","timestamp":1794223369671,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/tdm\/tdmrep-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plant-based diets have been associated with favourable health outcomes; however, not all plant-based diets are of the same quality. This study aimed to investigate the associations between three plant-based diet indices: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI) and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) and measures of adiposity: wrist circumference, waist circumference, waist:hip ratio and BMI. This study used data from 2027 controls in the Costa Rica Heart Study, a case\u2013control study. A validated FFQ was used to create the plant-based diet indices. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between quintiles of the plant-based diet indices and adiposity indicators. Higher hPDI scores were associated with lower adiposity, with waist circumference showing the strongest association. Participants in the highest hPDI quintile had a\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22121\u00b790 cm (95 % CI: \u22123\u00b732, \u22120\u00b749) lower waist circumference and a\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120\u00b772 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (95 % CI: \u22121\u00b733, \u22120\u00b710) lower BMI compared with participants in the lowest quintile. Significant linear trends were observed with waist circumference (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -trend = 0\u00b70037), waist:hip ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -trend = 0\u00b70064) and BMI (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    -trend = 0\u00b70171). Subjects in the 5th quintile of the overall PDI had significantly lower waist circumference (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22121\u00b775 cm (95 % CI: \u22123\u00b714, \u22120\u00b736)), waist-to-hip ratio (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120\u00b7010 (95 % CI: \u22120\u00b7019, \u22120\u00b7001)) and BMI (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120\u00b762 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (95 % CI: \u22121\u00b722, \u22120\u00b702)). In general, uPDI showed no significant associations with adiposity indicators. Among Costa Rican adults, adherence to hPDI is associated with lower adiposity, whereas uPDI showed no association, indicating the quality of plant-based diets plays a role in body composition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114526107788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T09:59:22Z","timestamp":1781603962000},"page":"1048-1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adherence to a healthy plant-based diet is associated with adiposity indicators in Costa Rican adults"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0427-2964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maymona","family":"Al-hinai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer Ali","family":"Aljahdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00jmfr291","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannia","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6602-0392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Baylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00jmfr291","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0552-0"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.06.002"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.05.012"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102331"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012865"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-019-0779-5"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.047"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.4714"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1677496"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.649"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051536"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003371"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002039"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.3.429"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082593"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz049"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000961"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref16","first-page":"263","article-title":"Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris): their contribution to the diet of Costa Ricans","volume":"13","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Med Costarric"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112712"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy301"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12578"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref24","first-page":"53","article-title":"Dietary habits and lifestyle among long-lived residents from the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica","volume":"3","author":"Chac\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hispano-American J Health Sci"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113952"},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref15","unstructured":"15. Ministerio de Salud (1996) Encuesta Nacional de Nutrici\u00f3n Fasc\u00edculo 3: Consumo Aparente. San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica: Ministerio de Salud (National Nutrition Survey Booklet 3: Apparent Consumption. San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica: Ministry of Health) https:\/\/bvssan.incap.int\/local\/D\/CE-110.PDF (accessed February 2026)."},{"key":"S0007114526107788_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.881901"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114526107788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114526107788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:42:21Z","timestamp":1794220941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114526107788\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114526107788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114526107788","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}