{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:20:21Z","timestamp":1786116021712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Studies assessing potential differences in trace element status among vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians (LOV) and omnivores (OMN) are largely lacking. In this cross-sectional study, urinary levels of twelve elements were analysed in thirty-eight vegans, thirty-seven LOV and forty OMN. After adjustment for covariates, non-creatinine-adjusted As levels were lower in LOV (\u201354 %) and vegans (\u201354 %) compared with OMN (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7009). Compared with OMN, vegans (but not LOV) had lower Hg (\u201348 %;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7028) and higher Cd levels (+42 %;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7023). Other elements (Al, Co, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, Tl, Sn and Zn) were similar between groups. Analyses normalised to urinary creatinine confirmed lower As levels in LOV (\u201363 %) and vegans (\u201359 %;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0\u00b7001), but suggested similar Hg and Cd levels in OMN, LOV and vegans, higher Co in LOV (+53 %;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7035) and higher Cu in vegans (+17 %;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7040). Trends (non-significant after adjustment for multiple testing) were noted for Ni (LOV: +119 %), Co (vegans: +43 %) and Zn (vegans: \u221226 %; compared with OMN). LOV and vegans had similar urinary levels (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2265 0\u00b7207). Urinary creatinine levels were similar across all groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2265 0\u00b7912). Eight additional elements were not detected (Bi, Au, In, Ir, Pd and Ag) or were detected only in a few samples (Pt and Zr). Overall, LOV and vegans exhibited a lower As burden than OMN. A higher Cd and lower Hg burden in vegans were not confirmed in creatinine-adjusted analyses. Similar studies are warranted to validate results. Biomonitoring studies may benefit from considering vegetarian status, particularly for As exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114526108071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T08:37:27Z","timestamp":1784536647000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary trace element levels in vegans compared with lacto-ovo-vegetarians and omnivores"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3761-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Koeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vzbgh69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin B.","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vzbgh69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vzbgh69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Niederreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Kowarschik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0911-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Hannibal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian Andreas","family":"Storz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114526108071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T07:12:17Z","timestamp":1786000337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114526108071\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0007114526108071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114526108071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}