{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:17:51Z","timestamp":1790979471559,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Whether joint eating-timing configurations show comparable mortality associations across chronic diseases is uncertain. We analysed 26\u00a0712 adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005\u20132016 who had two reliable 24-h dietary recalls and mortality linkage. Participant-level mean first eating time and eating-window duration were standardised and classified by K-means. Survey-weighted Cox models incorporated strata and primary sampling units within six chronic disease domains; missing covariates were multiply imputed in thirty datasets and prespecified Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false-discovery-rate families addressed multiplicity. Three patterns represented 30\u00b72 % (early-start), 57\u00b72 % (intermediate) and 12\u00b76 % (late-start) of the weighted population. During 224\u00a0837\u00b79 person-years, 3279 deaths occurred. None of the six all-cause mortality global tests met the prespecified false-discovery-rate threshold (all\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2265 0\u00b7281). In the cancer domain, the late-start pattern yielded a higher estimated hazard of cancer mortality than early-start (hazard ratio 1\u00b788, 95 % CI 1\u00b715\u20133\u00b706;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0\u00b7012), but the global\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 0\u00b7052 and pairwise\n                    <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 0\u00b7073. This association attenuated after exclusion of early deaths and was not reproduced in an independent Day 1 analysis. Proportional hazards were not supported in three models, for which estimates weakened or crossed the null over follow-up. Eating-timing patterns were not universal mortality predictors across chronic diseases. Their nutritional relevance appears context-dependent, and repeated timing assessments with clinical measures of disease severity are needed before these patterns can inform personalised nutritional care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114526108332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:19:26Z","timestamp":1788851966000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Eating-timing patterns derived from K-means clustering and mortality risk in US adults with chronic diseases: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Renjie","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05x1ptx12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05x1ptx12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05x1ptx12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05x1ptx12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4899-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05x1ptx12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05x1ptx12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v009.i08"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref40","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2025"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.015"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422414000262"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab327"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70230"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.02.005"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.001"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref21","volume-title":"Continuous NHANES public-use linked mortality files, 2019","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000476"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.4.3.272"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.021"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.065"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1905136"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002036"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/81.3.515"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0014"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0459-6"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.324"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/86.4.948"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.114660"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"van Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref13","first-page":"100","article-title":"Algorithm AS 136: a K-means clustering algorithm","volume":"28","author":"Hartigan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series C Appl Stat"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-024-01654-y"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5210"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.04.010"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.011"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref42","unstructured":"42. National Center for Health Statistics (2026) NCHS Research Ethics Review Board approval. Updated 24 March 2026. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/about\/erb.html (accessed July 2026)."},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref20","unstructured":"20. National Center for Health Statistics (2018) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Analytic guidelines, 2011\u20132016. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/analyticguidelines\/11\u201316-analytic-guidelines.pdf (accessed July 2026)."},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114833"},{"key":"S0007114526108332_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.08.119"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114526108332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:19:28Z","timestamp":1788851968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114526108332\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0007114526108332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114526108332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}