{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:25:16Z","timestamp":1793935516128,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,25]],"date-time":"2008-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1203897600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull. Entomol. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In spite of the fact that since the end of the eighties, the horse chestnut leafminer,<jats:italic>Cameraria ohridella<\/jats:italic>, has established itself throughout Europe, native predators such as ants and birds are not attuned to this neozoic species. In contrast, several parasitic wasp species already started to exploit the invasive horse chestnut leafminer, but until now parasitation rates are quite low, mainly because of asynchrony in the lifecycles of parasitoids and host. Only the removal of leaf litter, in which pupae hibernate, is at the moment a strategy to reduce the infestation level in the next year. Unfortunately, not only hibernating horse chestnut leafminers but also parasitoids are removed, and important resources for biocontrol are unused. In the current study, we investigated the potential efficiency of the horse chestnut leafminer parasitoid complex extracted from leaf litter in defined environments. Parasitoids were released at different densities to investigate density dependence in parasitation rates.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Although seven different species were released in our experiments, only<jats:italic>Pnigalio agraules<\/jats:italic>turned out to be responsible for biocontrol of<jats:italic>C. ohridella<\/jats:italic>. We recorded parasitation rates of up to 35%. Overall, parasitation rates were independent of the leafminer density but increased fourfold if ten times more parasitoid individuals were released. Unfortunately, none of the parasitoid species could be established in the experimental units in the long run. Results are compared to other parasitoid-leafminer systems, and promotion of horse chestnut leafminer parasitoids to support natural selection and biological control of the horse chestnut leafminer is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007485308005695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,25]],"date-time":"2008-02-25T09:50:59Z","timestamp":1203933059000},"page":"379-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Native parasitoids and their potential to control the invasive leafminer,<i>Cameraria ohridella<\/i>DESCH. &amp; DIM. (Lep.: Gracillariidae)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Klug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Meyh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kreye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hommes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.1996.tb00832.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Parasitierungsraten: Ermittlung und Interpretation am Fallbeispiel der Ro\u00dfkastanien-Miniermotte, Cameraria ohridella, einer invasiven und faunenfremden Schmetterlingsart in Europa","volume":"14","author":"Freise","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1989.tb00954.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/4868-PPS"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4039\/Ent116443-3"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref005","first-page":"89","article-title":"Die Kastanien-Miniermotte (Cameraria ohridella DESCHKA and DIMIC), ein neuer Sch\u00e4dling an Aesculus hippocastanum","volume":"46","author":"Butin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref029","unstructured":"Kenis M. , Avtzis N. , Freise J. , Girardoz S. , Grabenweger G. , Heitland W. , Lakatos F. , Lopez Vaamonde C. , Svatos A. & Tomov R. (2004) Finding the area of origin of the horse-chestnut leaf miner: a challenge. pp. 63\u201366 in Proceedings of the IUFRO Meeting on Forest Insect Population Dynamics and Host Influence, 14\u201319 September 2003, Kanazawa, Japan."},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref039","first-page":"63","article-title":"Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) predation by Crematogaster scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Northern Italy","volume":"57","author":"Radeghieri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of Insectology"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2005.11.011"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1974.tb00727.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.1994.tb01062.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/34.5.1129"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref009","first-page":"5","article-title":"Development of Cameraria ohridella DESCHKA and DIMIC, 1986 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)","volume":"21","author":"Dimi\u0107","year":"2000","journal-title":"Entomofauna"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bionomics of the horse-chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella DESCHKA and DIMIC 1986, a pest on Aesculus hippocastanum in Europe (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)","volume":"84","author":"Freise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Senckenbergiana Biologica"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0418.1999.00347.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2004.023"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref037","volume-title":"Interactive Catalogue of World Chalcidoidea on CD-ROM (2001 \u2013 second edition)","author":"Noyes","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285512"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref008","first-page":"11","article-title":"Cameraria ohridella sp. N. (Lep., Lithocolletidae) aus Mazedonien, Jugoslawien","volume":"22","author":"Deschka","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta entomologica Jugoslavica"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref010","unstructured":"Freise J.F. (2001) Untersuchungen zur Biologie und \u00d6kologie der Ro\u00dfkastanien-Miniermotte (Cameraria ohridella DESCH. & DIM. 1986) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). PhD thesis, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany."},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0280.2002.02046.x","article-title":"Parasitism of the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimi\u0107 (Lep., Gracillariidae), in Serbia and Macedonia","volume":"75","author":"Freise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Pest Science"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/5899"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref016","unstructured":"Grabenweger G. (2003a) Die Wirksamkeit heimischer Parasitoide zur Kontrolle invasiver Arten am Beispiel der Ro\u00dfkastanienminiermotte Cameraria ohridella (Lep., Gracillariidae). PhD thesis, Formal- und Naturwissenschaftliche Fakult\u00e4t der Universit\u00e4t Wien, Austria."},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026382300496"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.1993.tb00399.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-9555.2005.00269.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.2005.00973.x"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref022","first-page":"186","article-title":"Ein Kleinschmetterling erobert Europa \u2013 die Ro\u00dfkastanien-Miniermotte Cameraria ohridella","volume":"129","author":"Heitland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Natur und Museum"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref023","first-page":"221","article-title":"Die Ro\u00dfkastanien-Miniermotte \u2013 19 Jahre Forschung und noch keine L\u00f6sung in Sicht?","volume":"133","author":"Heitland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Natur und Museum"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref024","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neue Erkenntnisse und Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Ro\u00dfkastanien-Miniermotte Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic, 1986 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)","volume":"1","author":"Hellrigl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gredleriana-Naturmuseum S\u00fcdtirol"},{"key":"S0007485308005695_ref025","unstructured":"Kehrli P. 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