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Along 3 years, the diversity and composition of mosquito species in tree holes of two neighbouring but completely different environments, a city and its adjacent forest, were compared using generalized linear mixed models, PERMANOVA, SIMPER and species association indexes. The city area (Northwest Argentina) is highly relevant epidemiologically due to the presence of <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> L. (main dengue vector) and occurrence of dengue outbreaks; the Yungas rainforests are highly biologically diverse. In total seven mosquito species were recorded, in descending order of abundance: <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemagogus spegazzinii<\/jats:italic> Br\u00e8thes, <jats:italic>Sabethes purpureus<\/jats:italic> (Theobald), <jats:italic>Toxorhynchites guadeloupensis<\/jats:italic> Dyar and Knab, <jats:italic>Aedes terrens<\/jats:italic> Walker, <jats:italic>Haemagogus leucocelaenus<\/jats:italic> Dyar &amp; Shannon and <jats:italic>Sabethes petrocchiae<\/jats:italic> (Shannon and Del Ponte). The seven mosquito species were recorded in both city sites and forested areas; however, their mosquito communities significantly diverged because of marked differences in the frequency and relative abundance of some species: <jats:italic>Tx. guadeloupensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> were significantly more abundant in forest and urban areas, respectively. Positive significant associations were detected between <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hg. spegazzinii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Hg. leucocelaenus<\/jats:italic>. The combined presence of <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemagogus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sabethes<\/jats:italic> in the area also highlight a potential risk of yellow fever epidemics. Overall results show an impoverished tree hole mosquito fauna in urban environments, reflecting negative effects of urbanization on mosquito diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007485317000700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T09:38:30Z","timestamp":1501753110000},"page":"203-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Tree hole mosquito species composition and relative abundances differ between urban and adjacent forest habitats in northwestern Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Mangudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.P.","family":"Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.C.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.M.","family":"Gleiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007485317000700_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1646\/0006-3606(2001)033[0110:TMOWFT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0007485317000700_ref72","first-page":"106","article-title":"Community structure in water-filled tree holes of Panama: effects of hole height and size","volume":"20","author":"Yanoviak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Selbyana"},{"key":"S0007485317000700_ref68","unstructured":"Torres J. 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