{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:32:11Z","timestamp":1791297131845,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bull. Entomol. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In internal parasitism, the respiration strategy within the host's body is as essential as evading attack from the host's immune system. Tachinid flies are parasitoids of terrestrial arthropods, mostly insects, during their larval stage. To obtain oxygen while living in the host body, they build a cylindrical structure known as the respiratory funnel at the aperture opened by the tachinid larva on the host integument or trachea. These funnels can be divided morphologically into sheath and cone types. Previous research on sheath-type funnels revealed that they are derived from the encapsulating substance produced by the host's immune system. In contrast, the cone-type funnels cover part of the body of the larval tachinid and may be constructed independently from the host immune system. To determine the mechanisms of cone-type funnel formation, histological observations were carried out on\n                    <jats:italic>Gymnosoma rotundatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) (Diptera: Tachinidae), which possesses this type of funnel. The respiratory funnel of\n                    <jats:italic>G. rotundatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found to be derived from the tube-shaped faeces wrapped with the peritrophic membrane and excreted by the fly larva, not from host tissue or haemocytes. Additionally, secretory glands putatively involved in the funnel formation were discovered around the larval anal plate of\n                    <jats:italic>G. rotundatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A comparison of funnel types within Tachinidae revealed that Phasiinae and Dexiinae have cone-type funnels, which may be created by the same mechanism as in\n                    <jats:italic>G. rotundatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These new findings suggest that funnel formation that does not use the host immune system is relevant to tachinid phylogeny.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007485324000221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T05:28:20Z","timestamp":1713331700000},"page":"424-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The bug-killer fly\n                    <i>Gymnosoma rotundatum<\/i>\n                    (L.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) forms the respiratory funnel independently of the host's immune response"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin","family":"Komagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8152-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kota","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0013-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuji","family":"Tachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref8","first-page":"139","article-title":"Tachinid host ranges: a reappraisal (Diptera: Tachinidae)","volume":"43","author":"Eggleton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Entomologist's Gazette"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.2003.215","article-title":"Development of a tachinid parasitoid, Gymnosoma rotundatum (Diptera: Tachinidae) on Plautia crossota stali (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), and its effects on host reproduction","volume":"38","author":"Higaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied Entomology and Zoology"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1968.tb00959.x","article-title":"The resistance of insect parasitoids to the defence reactions of their hosts","volume":"43","author":"Salt","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"The parasites of Popillia japonica in Japan and Chosen (Korea), and their introduction into the United States","volume":"1429","author":"Clausen","year":"1927","journal-title":"Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2018.12.002","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny and evolution of world Tachinidae (Diptera)","volume":"139","author":"Stireman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1155\/1979\/73878","article-title":"Observations of seed-bug (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) parasitism by a species of Catharosia (Diptera: Tachinidae)","volume":"86","author":"Thorpe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psyche"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sinossi di biologia dei Ditteri Larvavoridi","volume":"45","author":"Mellini","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia \u2018Guido Grandi\u2019, University of Bologna"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref28","first-page":"1621","article-title":"Sur cyrillia angustifrons bond., tachinaire parasite d'un isopode tebrestre","volume":"170","author":"Thompson","year":"1920","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus de l'Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(91)90071-7","article-title":"Ion-absorption by specialized epithelial regions in Musca domestica larvae","volume":"37","author":"Schwantes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Insect Physiology"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref33","first-page":"1187","volume-title":"Manual of Nearctic Diptera","volume":"2","author":"Wood","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/54.4.557","article-title":"Respiratory pore construction in the host by the nemestrinid parasite Neorhynchocephalus sackenii (Diptera), with notes on respiratory tube characters","volume":"54","author":"Prescott","year":"1961","journal-title":"Annals of the Entomological Society of America"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico","volume":"18","author":"O'Hara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Memoirs of Entomology, International"},{"key":"S0007485324000221_ref20","first-page":"27","article-title":"Caracteres parasitiques aux points de vue biologique, ethologique et histologique. 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