{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T06:51:23Z","timestamp":1782888683943,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bull. Entomol. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Steinernema carpocapsae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an entomopathogenic nematode with established efficacy against various agricultural pests. However, its impact on key lepidopteran pests, including\n                    <jats:italic>Ostrinia furnacalis, Mythimna separata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Spodoptera litura<\/jats:italic>\n                    , remains underexplored, particularly at the pupal stage. This study evaluates the efficacy of the nematode through a combination of choice-based attraction assays, non-choice infection performance bioassays involving direct application to specific pupal body parts, and assessments of sublethal effects on adult survival and oviposition following pupal-stage exposure.\n                    <jats:italic>S. carpocapsae<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited a clear preference for pupae of all three pests over blank controls and for previously infected pupae over healthy pupae. When presented with different pupal genders,\n                    <jats:italic>S. carpocapsae<\/jats:italic>\n                    preferred female\n                    <jats:italic>M. separata<\/jats:italic>\n                    over males but showed no gender preference for\n                    <jats:italic>O. furnacalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. litura<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Infection performance varied by body part, with a higher infection performance on the abdomen and thorax compared to the head for\n                    <jats:italic>O. furnacalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. litura<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and on the abdomen over the thorax and head for\n                    <jats:italic>M. separata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Adult survival probability was significantly lower when pupae were infected, and female oviposition was reduced when either member of a mating pair had been infected. These findings highlight the efficacy of\n                    <jats:italic>S. carpocapsae<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a promising biological control agent against these lepidopteran pests, particularly when targeting the pupal stage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007485325100102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T10:56:53Z","timestamp":1753181813000},"page":"687-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode,\n                    <i>Steinernema carpocapsae<\/i>\n                    on Pupal stage of the common Lepidopteran pests,\n                    <i>Ostrinia furnacalis, Mythimna separata<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Spodoptera litura<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ge","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleena","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Mengchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Haichao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Weibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arzlan","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohail","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomological Research Institute, Ayyub Agricultural Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khalid University"},{"name":"King Khalid University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed A.","family":"Ghramh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khalid University"},{"name":"King Khalid University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7698-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamin","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Ton\u011fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diyarbakir Plant Protection Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007485325100102_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2023.106284"},{"key":"S0007485325100102_ref54","first-page":"100410","article-title":"A comprehensive review on environmental and human health impacts of chemical pesticide usage","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerging Contaminants"},{"key":"S0007485325100102_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12090780"},{"key":"S0007485325100102_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854108783476359"},{"key":"S0007485325100102_ref31","unstructured":"Lee, J and Dreves, AJ (2024) Entomopathogenic Nematodes. 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