{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:59:39Z","timestamp":1790247579032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bull. Entomol. Res."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The truffle beetle,\n                    <jats:italic>Leiodes cinnamomeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is the most important pest in black truffle (\n                    <jats:italic>Tuber melanosporum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) plantations during autumn and winter. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are promising biological control agents against\n                    <jats:italic>L. cinnamomeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are also commonly used in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes to enhance the control of insect pests. Our aims were to test the virulence of a cold-adapted commercial strain of the EPF\n                    <jats:italic>Lecanicillium muscarium Ve6<\/jats:italic>\n                    and two EPN species,\n                    <jats:italic>Steinernema carpocapsae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Steinernema feltiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , against adults of\n                    <jats:italic>L. cinnamomeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    at 15 \u00b0C and 10 \u00b0C, and to assess the effect of their combined application. Two susceptibility assays were performed using different treatments: (1) immersion of adults in a fungal suspension and (2) direct soil treatment of the EPF. Mortality of\n                    <jats:italic>L. cinnamomeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was recorded 7\u00a0days post-treatment at 15 \u00b0C and 15\u00a0days post-treatment at 10 \u00b0C.\n                    <jats:italic>Lecanicillium muscarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not cause significant mortality of\n                    <jats:italic>L. cinnamomeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Steinernema feltiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not cause significant mortality at 15 \u00b0C after 7\u00a0days but resulted in a statistically significant low mortality (33.3%) at 10 \u00b0C after 15\u00a0days compared to the control.\n                    <jats:italic>Steinernema carpocapsae<\/jats:italic>\n                    caused the highest mortality rates (63.3\u2013100%) at both temperatures, suggesting it would be the best option to control adults of\n                    <jats:italic>L. cinnamomeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in field applications. The addition of\n                    <jats:italic>L. muscarium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , did not enhance pest suppression compared to EPNs alone. To optimise IPM strategies for\n                    <jats:italic>L. cinnamomeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    control, further research is recommended to explore potential synergistic effects of combining EPNs with other cold-adapted EPF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007485326101357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:00:26Z","timestamp":1790244026000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative virulence of the fungus\n                    <i>Lecanicillium muscarium<\/i>\n                    and two entomopathogenic nematodes against adult truffle beetles (\n                    <i>Leiodes cinnamomeus<\/i>\n                    ) at low temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5771-7455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Juli\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052g8jq94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Autonomous University of Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052g8jq94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Autonomous University of Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9198-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052g8jq94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Autonomous University of Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9515-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Garcia-del-Pino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052g8jq94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Autonomous University of Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref31","volume-title":"Arthropods-Are They Beneficial for 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t\u00e9cnicas","author":"Barriuso","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref13","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Methods in Biotechnology, Vol 5: Biopesticides: Use and Delivery","author":"Grewal","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4039\/n05-052"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4565(94)90047-7"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref27","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Andueza, G (2015) Entomofauna asociada a la trufa negra (Tuber melanosporum Vittadini) cultivada en Espa\u00f1a Central: incidencia y valoraci\u00f3n de las principales especies mic\u00f3fagas (Coleoptera, Leiodidae; Diptera, Heleomyzidae). Salamanca, Spain: Salamanca University. Salamanca University Research Repository. Doctoral dissertation."},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2005.09.005"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00572-020-00990-8"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2014232-04900"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/finsc.2023.1195254"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2007.10.011"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583157.2012.741681"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04855.x"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.00125"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-019-0115-y"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2003.09.014"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref11","volume-title":"Probit Analysis","author":"Finney","year":"1964"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X23000615"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref15","first-page":"177","article-title":"Perspectives on the behavior of entomopathogenic nematodes from dispersal to reproduction: Traits contributing to nematode fitness and biocontrol efficacy","volume":"44","author":"Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Nematology"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-020-10045-8"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16970\/entoted.1222114"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref21","first-page":"735","volume-title":"Nematology Monographs and Perspectives","author":"Koppenh\u00f6fer","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref9","first-page":"187","article-title":"Competition between entomopathogenic and free-living bactivorous nematodes in larvae of the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus","volume":"35","author":"Duncan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nematology"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.66.1709.302.b"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010163"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19103\/AS.2020.0073.05"},{"key":"S0007485326101357_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-018-0994-9"}],"container-title":["Bulletin of Entomological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007485326101357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:00:30Z","timestamp":1790244030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007485326101357\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0007485326101357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007485326101357","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-4853","1475-2670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-4853","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}