{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T12:50:09Z","timestamp":1744807809065},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]],"date-time":"2009-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239667200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14440,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genet. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Morphology and the rate of RNA synthesis of the<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-chromosome in<jats:italic>XX\/XO<\/jats:italic>mosaic larval salivary glands of<jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>have been examined. For this purpose the unstable ring-<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>was utilized to produce<jats:italic>XX<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>XO<\/jats:italic>nuclei in the same pair of glands. The width of the<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-chromosome and the left arm of the 3rd chromosome (3<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>) of larval salivary glands was measured and the rate of RNA synthesis by them was studied upon the use of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]uridine autoradiography in such<jats:italic>XX<\/jats:italic>(female) and<jats:italic>XO<\/jats:italic>(male) nuclei developing in a female background (i.e. otherwise genotypically<jats:italic>XX<\/jats:italic>). In such mosaic glands the width of the single<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-chromosome of male nuclei is nearly as great as that of the paired two<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>'s of female nuclei, as is also the case in normal male (<jats:italic>X Y<\/jats:italic>) and female (<jats:italic>XX<\/jats:italic>). The single<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>of male nuclei synthesizes RNA at a rate equal to that of the paired two<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>'s of female nuclei and nearly twice that of an unpaired<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>of<jats:italic>XX<\/jats:italic>nuclei. Neither the developmental physiology of the sex nor the proportion of<jats:italic>XO<\/jats:italic>nuclei in a pair of mosaic salivary glands of an<jats:italic>XX<\/jats:italic>larva has any influence on these two characteristics of the male<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-chromosome.<\/jats:p><jats:p>It is suggested that dosage compensation in<jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>is achieved chiefly, if not fully, by a hyperactivity of the male<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>, in contrast to the single<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>inactivation in female mammals, that this hyperactivity of the male<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>is expressed visibly in the morphology and metabolic activity of the<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-chromosome in the larval salivary glands of the male, and that this hyperactivity and therefore dosage compensation in<jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>in general is not dependent on sex-differentiation, but is a function of the doses of the<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-chromosome itself.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s001667230000197x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,17]],"date-time":"2009-09-17T07:54:26Z","timestamp":1253174066000},"page":"137-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Chromosomal basis of dosage compensation in<i>Drosophila<\/i>: I. Cellular autonomy of hyperactivity of the male<i>X<\/i>-chromosome in salivary glands and sex differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"S. C.","family":"Lakhotia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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Vererb Lehre"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref027","first-page":"116","article-title":"Genes, differentiation and animal development","volume":"18","author":"Schultz","year":"1965","journal-title":"Brookhaven Symp. Biol."},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2164-0947.1964.tb01939.x"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00326915"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982505"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref021","first-page":"121","article-title":"Autonomy of sterility of transformed females","volume":"25","author":"Novitski","year":"1951","journal-title":"D.I.S."},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref019","first-page":"165","article-title":"Evidence of the precision of genetic adaptation","volume":"43","author":"Muller","year":"1950","journal-title":"Harvey Lect."},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref009","first-page":"90","article-title":"The bipartite nature of the salivary-gland X chromosome","volume":"42","author":"Forward","year":"1967","journal-title":"D.I.S."},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02451000"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/54.2.497","article-title":"Effect of sex-transformation genes on glucose-6-phosphate dehydro-genase activity in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"54","author":"Komma","year":"1966","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/46.2.143","article-title":"Studies on the expression of the transformer gene of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"46","author":"Brown","year":"1961","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300009903"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref018","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Proc. 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B. & Brehme K. S. (1944). The mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Pubis Carnegie Instn, no. 552."},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401570110"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref001","first-page":"458","article-title":"A comparison of giant X-chromosomes in male and female Drosophila melanogaster by cytophotometry in the ultraviolet","volume":"2","author":"Aronson","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Histo-chem. Cytochem."},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref004","first-page":"179","volume-title":"La basi molecolari del differenziamento","author":"Berendes","year":"1967"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref010","first-page":"124","article-title":"Chromatid asynapsis in salivary gland nuclei","volume":"43","author":"Gersh","year":"1968","journal-title":"D.I.S."},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref025","volume-title":"The Nucleohistones","author":"Rudkin","year":"1964"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300011253"},{"key":"S001667230000197X_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/51.2.285","article-title":"The effect of sexcombless on the forelegs of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"51","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1965","journal-title":"Genetics"}],"container-title":["Genetical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S001667230000197X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T22:52:58Z","timestamp":1633906378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S001667230000197X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1969,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S001667230000197X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s001667230000197x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-6723","1469-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-6723","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1969,10]]}}}