{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:23:39Z","timestamp":1791095019433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]],"date-time":"2009-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239667200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5551,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genet. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patterns of<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>element establishment and evolution were compared in populations of D.<jats:italic>melanogaster<\/jats:italic>and D.<jats:italic>simulans<\/jats:italic>. For each species, mixed populations were initiated with<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>strain flies lacking<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>elements together with<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>strain flies having similar<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>element copy numbers and phenotypes. The mixed populations were subsequently maintained under similar environmental conditions. On the basis of gonadal sterility assays,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>elements tended to be significantly more active in<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>melanogaster<\/jats:italic>than in<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>simulans<\/jats:italic>populations. This activity difference between the two species was positively associated with<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>element copy number, determined by restriction enzyme analysis, and transposition frequency, as determined by a transposition assay. Host factors are the most likely explanation for the observed species variation. Difficulty of establishment may be a factor determining the absence of<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>elements in natural populations of<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>simulans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0016672300032055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,17]],"date-time":"2009-09-17T07:26:37Z","timestamp":1253172397000},"page":"27-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Differences in<i>P<\/i>element population dynamics between the sibling species<i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>and<i>Drosophila simulans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret G.","family":"Kidwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0016672300032055_ref026","unstructured":"Kimura K. 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