{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T02:45:46Z","timestamp":1767840346311,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]],"date-time":"2009-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239667200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5492,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genet. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two series of mouse chimaeras were produced by aggregating pairs of eight-cell embryos that differed at the<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic>locus, encoding glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1); the paired embryos were respectively homozygous<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>and<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>. Chimaeric blastocysts were transferred to pseudopregnant females, that were homozygous<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>and produced only GPI-1 C enzyme. Quantitative electrophoresis of GPI-1 was used to estimate the contribution of each embryo (GPI-1 A and GPI-1B enzyme activity) to the foetus, placenta and other extraembryonic tissues of 12\u00bd day chimaericconceptuses. For both series of chimaeras, the distributions of %GPI-1A in different tissues were classified as (1) balanced and typical, (2) balanced but atypical or (3) unbalanced. One series of chimaeras was clearly unbalanced, so that the cells derived from the (C57BL \u00d7 CBA\/Ca)F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>embryo (<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) predominated over those derived from the BALB\/c inbred strain (<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/<jats:italic>Gpi-1s<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>) in most foetuses. Two significant observations were made concerning this unbalanced series. Firstly, the mean composition of the placenta and other extraembryonic tissues was similar to that in the foetus i.e. also unbalanced with (C57BL \u00d7 CBA\/Ca)F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(abbreviated to BF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) cells predominating. Secondly, despite this generalizeddeficiency of BALB\/c cells, there were differences in the frequency of non-chimaeric tissues between different developmental lineages. In 20\/34 chimaeric conceptuses in the unbalanced series only BF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>cells were detected in the foetus, whereas both BF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and BALB\/c cells were present in at least one of the extraembryonic tissues. This group of chimaeras, therefore, shows some similarities to human confined mosaicism. Although chimaerism occurred more often in the primitive endoderm (hypoblast) lineage (yolk sac endoderm and parietal endoderm) than in the placenta, this may also be the case in human mosaics. The mosaic status of the human yolk sac endoderm is usually unknown so it is possible that mosaicism often occurs in the yolk sac endoderm as well as the trophectoderm in human \u2018confined placental mosaicism\u2019. The uniformly unbalanced phenotype seen in the mouse chimaeras may be a result of generalized cell selection against BALB\/c cells in all tissues. As an alternative explanation, we propose that most of the BALB\/c cells in the blastocyst are allocated to the mural trophectoderm, which has a limited mitotic potential and so contributes little to the mid-gestation conceptus. Further work is required to test these possibilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0016672300032195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,17]],"date-time":"2009-09-17T07:26:34Z","timestamp":1253172394000},"page":"87-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Genotypically unbalanced diploid \u2194 diploid foetal mouse chimaeras: possible relevance to human confined mosaicism"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"John D.","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean H.","family":"Flockhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6867735"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref028","first-page":"225","article-title":"Quantification of the transition from oocyte-coded to embryo-coded glucose phosphate isomerase in mouse embryos","volume":"97","author":"West","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.33.2.394","article-title":"Studies on the transfer of fertilized mouse eggs to uterine foster mothers. 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The fate of the polar trophectoderm","volume":"51","author":"Copp","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401780203"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref023","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Mammalian Development: A Practical Approach","author":"Pratt","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.66.2.263"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(73)90331-X"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref014","volume-title":"Mammalian Chimaeras","author":"McLaren","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref029","first-page":"7","article-title":"Culture of mouse ova","volume":"14","author":"Whittingham","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113.2.709","article-title":"The Mus musculus domesticus Tdy allele acts later than the Mus musculus musculus Tdy allele: a basis for XY sex reversal in C57BL\/6-Ypos mice","volume":"113","author":"Palmer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref025","first-page":"177","article-title":"Genetic identification of the tissue of origin of cellular populations within the mouse placenta","volume":"86","author":"Rossant","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref027","first-page":"127","article-title":"The transition from oocyte-coded to embryo-coded glucose phosphate iso-merase in the early mouse embryo","volume":"78","author":"West","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref007","first-page":"107","volume-title":"The Early Development of Mammals","author":"Gardner","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070658"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-3371(90)90131-F"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0660161"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref017","first-page":"432","article-title":"Formation of genotypically mosaic mouse embryos","volume":"2","author":"Mintz","year":"1962","journal-title":"American Zoologist"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(85)90120-4"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01897519"},{"key":"S0016672300032195_ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multicentre randomised clinical trial of chorion villus sampling and amniocentesis","volume":"i","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Genetical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0016672300032195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T22:42:47Z","timestamp":1633905767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0016672300032195\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016672300032195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0016672300032195","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-6723","1469-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-6723","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]}}}