{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:30:46Z","timestamp":1780497046945,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]],"date-time":"2009-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238112000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5717,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Agric. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gaseous NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> losses from pig and cattle slurry stored in eight storage tanks were measured simultaneously using wind-tunnels. The slurry was either stirred weekly (uncovered), or was allowed to develop a natural surface crust. Oil, peat, chopped cereal straw, PVC foil, leca\u00ae (pebbles of burned montmorillonitic clay) and a lid were tested as additional covers. Convective transport of ammonium to the surface layers caused NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> volatilization losses of 3\u20135 g NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> per day from the stirred, uncovered tanks. The loss of NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> from the stirred slurry was related to air temperature. The development of a natural surface crust reduced NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> losses to 20% of those from stirred slurry. NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> losses from slurry not developing a natural surface crust layer and left undisturbed were similar to the losses from stirred slurry. A 15 cm layer of straw was as effective as a surface crust layer in reducing NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> losses. In one experiment, cracks developed in the oil cover and losses were therefore only reduced to 50% of those of uncovered slurry. Apart from this experiment, NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> losses from slurry covered with oil, leca\u00ae, peat and foil were small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021859600076802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T20:42:43Z","timestamp":1238445763000},"page":"63-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Ammonia volatilization during storage of cattle and pig slurry: effect of surface cover"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"S. G.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. T.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. E.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"Schj\u03c6rring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021859600076802_ref013","first-page":"146","article-title":"Determination of total ammonium nitrogen in pig and cattle slurry: sample preparation and analysis","volume":"42","author":"Sommer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ada Agriculturae Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0021859600076802_ref002","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Ammonia and Odour Emissions from Livestock Production","author":"Bode","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0021859600076802_ref007","unstructured":"Hashimoto A. G. , Chen Y. R. & Varel V. H. (1980). Theoretical aspects of methane production: state-of-theart. 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