{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:36:52Z","timestamp":1782495412441,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]],"date-time":"1997-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":862444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Agric. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5]]},"abstract":"Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic> grows throughout most of the tropics and has \nseveral industrial and medicinal uses. \nThe objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of different \nmorphological parts of this tree \nas animal feed. The crude protein (CP) content of leaves, soft twigs and stems \nwas 260, 70 and 60 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup> respectively. About 64, 79 and \n67% of the total CP present in the leaves, twigs and stems \nrespectively was found to be degradable after 24 h in the rumen. The protein \ninsoluble in acid \ndetergent fibre (ADIP), considered unavailable to animals, in these samples was \n30, 150 and 170 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup> respectively. About 87% of the total \nCP was in the form of true protein in the leaves (60 \nand 53% in twigs and stems respectively). The leaves had negligible amounts \nof tannins (12 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup>), \nand trypsin and amylase inhibitors, lectins, cyanogenic glucosides and \nglucosinolates were not \ndetected. The saponin content of the leaves was 80 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup> \nas diosgenin equivalent, which did not show \nany haemolytic activity. The phytate content of the leaves was \n21 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Tannins, saponins, \ncyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates were detected in twigs and stems \nbut the concentrations \nwere negligible. Trypsin and amylase inhibitors were not detected in twigs \nand stems. Phytate \ncontents of both twigs and stems were c<\/jats:italic>. 30 g k\u22121<\/jats:sup>. \nIn leaves, amounts of all the essential amino acids \nwere higher than the amino acid pattern of the FAO reference protein \nand comparable to those in \nsoyabeans. The CP and lipid contents of the kernel were 370 and \n420 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup> respectively, and the CP \nof the meal (fat-free) was 610 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The kernels and meal \nare extracted with water and the extract \nis used for the purification of water in some developing countries. The \nresidues left after water \nextraction of kernels and meal (designated as extracted-kernel and \nextracted-meal) had a CP content of 350 and 700 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup> \nrespectively and all of this CP was in the form of true protein. After taking into \naccount the ADIP contents in these samples, c<\/jats:italic>. 38 and 69% of the \ntotal protein was calculated to \nbe available in the post-rumen in extracted-kernel and extracted-meal \nrespectively. The pepsin \ndigestibility of these samples was 91 and 84% respectively. The \nsulphur-containing amino acids in \nkernel proteins were present at higher concentrations than those specified \nin the amino acid pattern \nof the FAO reference protein but other essential amino acids were \ndeficient. Amongst the \nantinutritional factors mentioned above, glucosinolates and phytate were \npresent in appreciable amounts (65\u00b75 \u03bcmol\/g and \n41 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup> \nrespectively) in meal. Haemagglutination activity was also \ndetected in the meal. The extracted-meal was virtually free of all the \nantinutritional factors examined except for phytate (67 g kg\u22121<\/jats:sup>). \nThe leaves of Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic> and the residue obtained after the \nrecovery of oil and coagulants can be good sources of proteins \nfor animal feeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021859697004292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:48:59Z","timestamp":1027763339000},"page":"311-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":267,"title":["Nutrients and antiquality factors in different \nmorphological parts of the Moringa oleifera<\/i> tree"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"H. P. S.","family":"MAKKAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"BECKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Agricultural Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0021859697004292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1554219067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0021859697004292\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021859697004292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0021859697004292","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8596","1469-5146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8596","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-5146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,5]]}}}