{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T12:51:14Z","timestamp":1754398274653},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,31]],"date-time":"2008-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217462400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5144,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biosoc. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article examines the mechanisms of subsistence adaptation of two Papua New Guinea populations, the <jats:italic>Metroxylon<\/jats:italic> sago-depending lowland Gidra and the taro-monoculture Mountain Ok, surviving in low population densities of 0\u00b75 and 1\u00b74 persons per km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Observation of the groups' land use systems strongly suggests that their population densities have not been far below the carrying capacity, although the territory of each population is markedly heterogeneous. Both groups have maintained their sustainable food production not only for resource management but also for survival at a population level, either expanding their territory or changing the sustainable level in tandem with changes of subsistence system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932000021477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,31]],"date-time":"2008-07-31T11:56:09Z","timestamp":1217505369000},"page":"395-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Subsistence ecology and carrying capacity in two Papua New Guinea populations"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Ohtsuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref033","volume-title":"A Prehistory of Australia, New Guinea and Sahul","author":"White","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.1987.9990994"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.1971.9990265"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref028","unstructured":"Swadling P. (1983) How Long Have People Been in the Ok Tedi Impact Region? PNG National Museum Record No. 8, Port Moresby."},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref027","first-page":"24","article-title":"Patterns of fertility and mortality in rural New Guinea","volume":"34","author":"Stanhope","year":"1970","journal-title":"New Guinea Res. 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IASER Discussion Paper, No. 44, Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research, Boroko, Papua New Guinea."},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.102.39"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref010","first-page":"601","volume-title":"Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia","author":"Golson","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139084994"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511607738"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref008","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO\/UNU (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Technical Report Series 724. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref006","first-page":"222","volume-title":"Prehistory of Polynesia","author":"Davidson","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref005","first-page":"138","article-title":"Sago in Melanesia","volume":"11","author":"Crosby","year":"1976","journal-title":"Archaeol. phys. Anthropol. Oceania"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9493.1985.tb00164.x"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1834-4461.1971.tb01150.x"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02859247"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00888028"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330710103"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref011","first-page":"151","article-title":"Energy expenditure of the Gidra in lowland Papua: application of the heart rate method to the field","volume":"6","author":"Inaoka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Man Cul. Oceania"},{"key":"S0021932000021477_ref004","first-page":"20","article-title":"The ecology of Highland settlement: some suggestions","volume":"66","author":"Brookfield","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am. 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