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Analyses included comparisons of means and prevalence rates on gender equity indicators, other related factors and socio-demographic characteristics;<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests to compare mean scores on each gender scale for wives and husbands to identify any significant differences; chi-squared tests to compare associations between individual attributes, attitudes and contraceptive use; and multivariate logistic regression to examine associations between each gender scale and contraceptive use. The findings revealed that, on average, wives endorsed more inequitable gender attitudes compared with husbands on all gender attitude scales. For wives, more equitable gender attitudes were positively associated with contraceptive use. For husbands, the role of gender attitudes had no significant association with wives' reported contraceptive use. Family planning programmes that aim to challenge inegalitarian gender norms should not overlook women in their efforts since both men and women often accept and support inequality in a social system and, in some cases, it may be women's gender attitudes that most influence family planning decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932012000855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T10:55:31Z","timestamp":1358160931000},"page":"331-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ATTITUDES ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN TANZANIA: NEW EVIDENCE USING HUSBANDS' AND WIVES' SURVEY DATA"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"GEETA","family":"NANDA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SIDNEY RUTH","family":"SCHULER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RACHEL","family":"LENZI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021932012000855_ref43","unstructured":"Wilder J. , Masilamani R. & Daniel E. 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