{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:44:32Z","timestamp":1786999472230,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456704000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biosoc. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This paper analyses the changing patterns of infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Taking a historical perspective, it shows the way in which factors such as ecology, biology, social and economic variables and politics have shaped patterns of infection, and how different kinds of strategies have been developed to control schistosomal infection over time. Wider political and economic issues at both national and international levels have shaped these strategies, influencing the prevalence and intensity of schistosomal infection at a local level. By highlighting the inter-play between the above-mentioned factors, the article reflects on the wisdom of prioritizing community-directed mass drug administration for the control of schistosomiasis in Gezira and elsewhere. The review demonstrates that not all efforts to control schistosomiasis are sustainable. A comprehensive control strategy involving political commitment, community participation and socioeconomic development is important for sustainable control of schistosomal infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932016000079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T06:27:41Z","timestamp":1456727261000},"page":"83-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE GEZIRA IRRIGATION SCHEME, SUDAN"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mutamad","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwiada","family":"Abubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref9","first-page":"67","article-title":"Treatment of pre-school children under 6 years of age for schistosomiasis: safety, efficacy and acceptability of praziquantel","volume":"7","author":"Amin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sudan Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref39","volume-title":"Origin of the Blue Nile Health Project and Importance of Irrigation, Drainage and Community Water Supplies","author":"Jobin","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref5","first-page":"573","article-title":"Large-scale snail control trial with trifenmorph in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan","volume":"54","author":"Amin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref29","first-page":"3","article-title":"Schistosomiasis among labouring communities in the Gezira irrigated area, Sudan","volume":"85","author":"Fenwick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref27","volume-title":"Demography and Vector-Borne Disease","author":"Fenwick","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref20","first-page":"341","article-title":"Change and continuity in the Gezira region of the Sudan","volume":"26","author":"Brausch","year":"1964","journal-title":"International Social Science Journal"},{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref35","first-page":"75","article-title":"Snails and aquatic vegetation in Gezira Irrigation Canals","volume":"88","author":"Hilali","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0021932016000079_ref42","unstructured":"Mamoun M. 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